12-16 yaş eğitilebilir düzeyde zihinsel engelli çocuklarda beden eğitimi ve spor derslerinin bazı motorik özelliklere etkisi (Türkiye ve Almanya uygulaması)

Abstract

ÖZET Beden eğitimi ve spor derslerinin `Eğitilebilir Düzeyde Zihinsel Engelli` çocukların bazı motorik özelliklerine etkisi üzerine bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Araştırma zeka seviyeleri (IQ) 45 - 75 arasında, 12 - 16 yaş 20 kız 40 erkek öğrenciyi kapsamaktadır. Denekler 30 Türk 30 Alman olarak iki grupta ele alınmıştır. 16 hafta süren bir çalışma gerçekleştirilrniştir. Çalışmanın başında ve sonunda her iki gruba da ön test ve son test uygulanmıştır. Motorik özelliklerin değerlendirilmesi için; 30 m sürat, durarak uzun atlama, sağlık topunu atma (2 kg), 30 saniye mekik testleri ölçülmüştür. Eldeki bulgular değerlendirildiğinde; 30 m sürat testinde her iki örneklem grubunda da P<0,05 anlam derecesinde olumlu gelişme görülmüştür. İki grubun karşılaştırılmasında Türk erkek denekleri 0,44 saniyelik farkla gelişme göstermiştir. Durarak uzun atlama testinde her iki grupta da P<0,05 anlam derecesinde olumlu gelişme olmuştur. Alman bayan denekleri 1,3 santimetre farkla gelişim göstermiştir. Sağlık topunu atma (2 kg) testinde her iki grupta P<0,05 anlam derecesinde olumlu gelişme göstermiş, Alman bayanlarda 1,13 santimetre farkla gelişim görülmüştür. Mekik testinde de her iki grupta P<0,05 anlam derecesinde daha fazla gelişme görülmüş olup, Türk erkek örneklem grubunda 3,3 mekik sayısı farkla gelişme göstermiştir. Araştırmamız sonucunda; eğitilebilir zihinsel engelliler için uygulanan beden eğitimi ve spor dersleri,motor yetenekler üzerinde anlamlı düzeyde gelişmeler sağladığı tespit edilmiştir.

THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT COURSES FOR THE MILD MENTALY DISABLED TEENAGERS WHO WERE BETWEEN THE AGE OF 12-16 TO THE SOME MOTORIC SPECIALITIES (TURKISH AND GERMANY MODEL) SUMMARY A research was made on Physical Education and Sport Occasion on Mild Mentally disabled teenagers. All teenagers we have used on our task were between the age of 12-16. These teenagers were tested for their motoric (genetics) specialities and capabilities. Those teenagers I.Q. s level was approximately 45-75. The task involved 20 girls and 40 boys. At the same time these teenagers we have used were from two different nations. Thirty of who were German nationality and thirty of who were Turkish nationality. We have separated these students into two groups, in order to find out if their nationality place a big role in their capability of learning abilities. The total research took 13 weeks. At the beginning of these 13 weeks we have tested the teenagers capabilities. At the end of the 13 weeks we have performed the exact same test to find out, to what stage they got after the 13 weeks. Our research involved 30 m. sprint, long jump, throwing the medicine ball (2kg) and 30 seconds of sit ups. The result shows that for each group the capabilities are slightly different. P<0,05 level showed that there was an improvement made. As we have compared these two groups with each other, the Turkish male participant showed a better improvement by 0,44 seconds on 30m sprints. On the long jump test on both groups at the level P<0,05 we have seen a positive improvement. The German female participants has made a better improvement by 1,3cm. On throwing the medicine ball (2 kg) test on both groups at the level P<0,05 we have seen a positive improvement. The German female participants has made a better improvement by 1,3 cm. On the sit ups test on both groups at the level P<0,05 we have seen a positive improvement. But Turkish male showed a 3,3 second better improvement than the others. As we can see on the result of our research that a big improvement was made. The way we have set up this program, now we can see that the program place a big role the way it is set up for the teenagers motoric and learning capabilities. Physical education giving by local schools are very important to increase these teenagers learning capabilities. As we have seen the most important part to improve our children's capabilities are to use the right equipment, materials and suitable program for their physical education. We should not forget that the two nations had slightly different impact on the test results. Their culture and pre-education on sport lessons also affected the test results.