Earthquake protection of Beylerbeyi Palace by reversible mixed technologies
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Abstract
Anadolu'nun tarihi yapi stogu ve deprem riski, mühendislerin dikkatini önemliölçüde bu yapilarin deprem performans larini belirlemeye yönelik çalismalar yapmaya veuygun koruma yöntemlerinin arastirilmasina çekmektedir. Bu baglamda, bu çalisma,Istanbul ve Osmanli Imparatorlugu içindeki diger yerlerde, 19. yüzyil yapilarinin bir örnegiolan tarihi Beylerbeyi Sarayinin deprem performansinin belirlenmesini ve yapinin depremetkilerine karsi olasi yenilenebilir teknolojilerle takviyesinin arastirilmasini, ?TarihiYapilarin Depreme Karsi Yenilenebilir Karma Teknolojilerle Güçlendirilmesi?, isimli FP6projesi kapsaminda, amaçlamaktadir.Yapida kullanilan harcin minerolojik yapisiyla baslayan ve yapidaki yigmaduvarlarin genel mekanik özelliklerinin saptanmasiyla biten malzeme tanimlama çalismasiyürütülmüstür. Daha sonra, ?St. Cyril ve Methodius Üniversitesi, Deprem Mühendisligi veMühendislik Sismolojisi Enstitüsü? ile birlikte yapinin Çevresel Titresim Arastirmasi(ÇTA) yapilmistir. Sarayin sayisal modeli hazirlanmis ve ÇTA sonuçlarina göredüzeltilmistir. Yapinin bulundugu bölgenin yerel zemin ve deprem karakteristikleri de gözönüne alinarak tanimlanmis üç farkli deprem spektrumuna göre yapi deprem etkisi altindaanaliz edilmis ve performansi zayif bulunmustur. Ilave olarak dogrusal olmayan itmeanalizi ile sarayin problemli kisimlari belirlenmistir.Son olarak analiz sonuçlarina göre, yapinin tarihi ve mimarlik özelliklerini de gözönünde bulundurarak üç farkli performans iyilestirme yöntemi önerilip, detayli olaraktartisilmistir. Tezdeki sunum sirasina göre ilk önerilen yöntem fiber takviyeli polimerlerinkullanilmasidir. Ikinci strateji yapi ile zeminin birbirinden ayrilmasidir ve son olarakyapinin çati seviyesinin rijit diyafram olacak sekilde takviyesi, gerekli duvarlara fibertakviyeli polimerlerin uygulanmasi ile beraber önerilmistir. The historical building stock and seismic risk of Anatolia draws considerableattention of the engineers for studying the earthquake performance of these structures andinvestigating appropriate protection techniques. In this respect, this study aims to examinethe earthquake performance of the historic Beylerbeyi Palace which is a representative ofthe great buildings in the late of 19th century in Istanbul and elsewhere in the OttomanEmpire and search the possible retrofit techniques by means of reversible mixedtechnologies within the framework of FP6-Earthquake Protection of Historical Structuresby Reversible Mixed Technologies (PROHITECH).Starting with the mineralogical structure of the mortar and ending with mechanicalproperties of masonry, material identification process has been carried out. Later onAmbient Vibration Survey, (AVS) was conducted in the structure with the University of`St. Cyril and Methodius`, Institute of Earthquake Engineering and EngineeringSeismology. Numerical model of the palace has been constructed and calibrated accordingto results of AVS. Response spectrum analyses have been carried out by using threedifferent earthquake cases, defined by accounting the site specific soil and seismiccharacteristics of the site. The performance of the structure was assessed as weak.Furthermore the vulnerable parts of the structure were revealed by nonlinear analyses.Finally according to results of the analyses and considering the historical andarchitectural perspective of Beylerbeyi Palace three different retrofit strategies have beenproposed and discussed in details. According to order of presentation, the first proposedstrategy is the use of fiber reinforced polymers. The second strategy is the installation ofthe base isolation and the last one is the consolidation of the roof level to have the rigiddiaphragm behavior with the application of fiber reinforced polymers to the required walls.
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