Realization and analysis of high performance physical unclonable functions based on ring oscillators
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Abstract
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are powerful techniques that are proposedrecently to address security related problems. They have a wide range of applicationsincluding cryptographic key generation and storage, authentication, identitygeneration, and intellectual property protection. PUFs offer new, low cost, and securesolutions in these areas with their ability to generate chip specific signatureson the fly. In the scope of the thesis study, quality metrics for the robustness anduniqueness properties of PUF circuits are derived. Confidence interval and confidencelevel concepts are adapted to PUF performance evaluation for the reliability of theresults. Theoretical background of Ring Oscillators (ROs) is studied to analyze theeffect of the number of stages and measurement time in RO-PUFs. Depending onthe theoretical calculations, optimum number of stages and measurement time aredetermined and the theory is validated via experimental analysis. Then, orderingbased RO-PUFs, which aim to maximize the robustness and entropy extraction, arediscussed and dynamic programming is adapted for achieving lower complexity in thegrouping step. Next, systematic analysis of the bit error probability in ordering basedRO-PUFs is performed and area usage vs. robustness tradeo is presented. Implementationand analysis of error correction codes to maintain the robustness in orderingbased RO-PUFs are also discussed. In addition to these, two challenge-response pairenhancement methods for ordering based RO-PUFs are introduced. Finally, effects ofaging on ordering based RO-PUFs and compensation mechanisms are presented.
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