Ring oscillator based random number generators
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Abstract
System-on-a-chip solutions require hardware based integrated circuit (IC) randomnumber generator (RNG) for trustworthy transmission of information. Fully digitalgate based IC RNGs became popular because of their uncomplicated integrationto digital platforms. RNGs based on ring oscillators (ROs) are the most well-knownand widely used type among various digital gate based RNGs. Existing works ongenerating random bits by ROs mostly do not have detailed analysis on phase noiseand jitter which are the entropy source of an RNG. This thesis analyzes the suitabilityof existing ROs for random number generation and possible improvements in orderto increase the randomness of an RO. Three main contributions are presented. Thefirst main contribution of this thesis to RNG is investigating the possibility of weakinversion operation of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistorsin order to maximize the randomness of CMOS RO used in RNG. In order to predictthe weak inversion noise performance of an RO, phase noise and jitter modelsof a CMOS RO in weak inversion operating region are obtained. These models all amissing point in the literature and introduce the phase noise and jitter models of ROin weak inversion. This is the second main contribution of this thesis. Despite theconsensus on the positive effects of white noise for random number generation, theeffects of icker noise on randomness are insuciently investigated. Finally, the thirdmain contribution of this thesis in terms of RNG is investigating the effects of icker noise in order to address its usefulness for random number generation.
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