16. yüzyılda Silistre Sancağı vakıfları

Abstract

after the ottoman conquests and that the sultans and statesmen pioneered in these activities. The tax income that is obtained as a result of sul tans' or princes* and prencesses' and statemen's buving government lancU and giving it to the foundations comes to 4.125.000 akchas in this province. The tax income that constitutes the salaries of the governors (dirlik) was 7.769.000 akchas and the treasury income was 3.287.000 akchas. It is observed that approximately one third of the tax income of the San j âk was allocated for the foundations and two thirds of it for the dirliks. Becouse the Sanjak of Silistre was located in a strategically important place especially during the establishment and development periods of the Ottoman Empire, it is understood that the emount of dirliks and the number of soldiers were emphasized. As a result, along with sultans and statesmen, many rich people who were interested in charity competed with each other in helping the poor and in building places that serve the society like schools, universities, free-food places (imaret), hotels, motels, Turkish baths, baker's, fountains, free-water deports, water wells, roads and bridges. They gave a lot of money and well-paying shops to the founda tions to ensure that these institutions are repaired and maintained. In this competition of public servise were some Christian subjects as well. This study of ours shows that such studies are very useful and indicate that Turks didn't exploit the lands they conquered, but they aimed at social solidarity and publieser- vice and took peace and wellfare everywhere through their social and cultural institutions like foundations.Sancağın; Pâdişâhlar, Osmanlı ailesi mensupları ve devlet yöneticileri tarafından mîrî araziden mülk edinme yolu ile vakfedilen vergi gelirleri, 4.125.000 akçeyi bul¬ maktadır. Buna karşılık dirlik gelirleri 7.769.000, >>azi- ne mukataaları da 3.287.000 akçedir. Sancağın vergi geli¬ rinin yaklaşık 1/3'inin vakıflara, 2/3*nin de dirliklere ayrıldığı görülmektedir. Böylece, Silistre Sancağı'nın, Devletin kuruluş ve yükselme dönemlerinde çok önemli bir stratejik noktada yer almasından dolayı, dişlik ve asker sayısına önem verildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak y bu bölgede Pâdişâhlar ve devlet adamla¬ rının yanısıra, halktan da bir çok hayırsever varlıklı kim¬ seler, fakirleri desteklemek ve bütün topluma hizmet veren okul, medrese, imaret, han, haman, kervansaray, fırın, çeş¬ me, sebil, su kuyusu, yol, köprü gibi hayrat yaptırmada yarış etmişlerdir. Bunların bakım ve devamlılığını sağla¬ mak üzere, çok miktarda nakit para ve gelir getirici iş yerleri vakfetmişlerdir. Bu hizmet ve dayanışma yarışına Hristiyan tebânın da katıldığı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yapmış olduğumuz araştırma, bu gibi çalışmaların ne kadar yararlı olacağını, Türklerin fethettikleri yerleri sömürmeyip, vakıflar gibi sosyal ve köljtürel kurumları ara¬ cılığıyla sosyal dayanışmayı ve topluma hizmeti amaçladığı¬ nı, her tarafa huzur ve refah yaydığını göstermektedir.

The Province (sanjak) of Silistrp was founded in the Eastern and North-Eastern Bulgaria, which was conguered towards the end of the 14 century (in 1388). Yanko's State of Dobrudja (Oguz-Gagauz state), which was addet to the Ottoman territory befor Ankara War in 1402, was included in this sanjak, thus it covered the large area betveen the Rezva River, which constitues theTurco-Bulgarian border now, and the mouth öf the Danube. in the territory of this sanjak, befor the Ottomans, the Huns settled in the 4 and 5 cc., the Proto-Bulgarians 4`Vı in the 7 c., and the Pecheneks, the Uzes, the Kumans, andJ T, finally Seljuks in the 11th.13th. and they caused the accumation of a large Turkish population. When the Ottoman empire conquered this district, the^ brought a large number of nomadic trifaes of Yörük from Central and Western Anatolia and settled them here. The manuscripts that we study show that Turks constituted two thirds of the population of the Sanjak at the end of the 16th century. Foundations which are Islamic social and legal institutes were very coromon in this area serving as a means of showing Turkish social solidarity and charity. That subjects in Süleyman Pasha's, First Murad's, Evrenus Beg's end Yıldırım Bayezid's foundations were in the foundation book of Silist- re indicates that establishings foundations started soonafter the ottoman conguests and that the sultans and statesmen pioneered in these activities. The tax income that is obtained as a result of sul¬ tans1 ör princes1 and prencesses1 and statemen's buving government land*^ and giving it to the foundations comes to 4.125.000 akchas in this province. The tax income that constitutes the salaries of the governors (dirlik) was 7.769.000 akchas and the treasury income was 3.287.000 akchas. it is observed that approximately öne third of the tax income of the Sanjâk was allocated for the foundations and two thirds of it for the dirliks. Becouse the Sanjak of Silistre was located in a strateglcally important place especially during the establishment and development periods of the Ottoman Empire, it is understood that the emount of dirliks and the number of soldiers were emphasized. As a result, along with sultans and statesmen, many rich people who were interested in charity competed with each other in helping the poor and in building places that serve the society like schools, universities, free-food places (imaret), hotels, motels, Turkish baths, baker's, fountains, free-water deports, water wells, roads and bridges. They gave a lot of money and well-paying shops to the founda¬ tions to ensure that these institutiöns are repaired and maintained. in this competition of public servise were some Christian subjects as well. This study of ours shows that such studies are very useful and indicate that Turks didn't exploit the lands they conguered, but they aimed at social solidarity and publieser- vice and took peace and wellfare everywhere through their social and cultural institutiöns like foundations.