Tünel kalıp yapım sistemi ve geleneksel yapım sistemi ile tasarlanmış on katlı konut yapılarında dolaysız maliyetlerinin analizi ile optimizasyon araştırması

Abstract

SUMMARY `To reach generalizations with conceptual ideas and predetermined principles and to try to explain concepts with these is an unfruitful attempt. The correct method is to find the concepts through observations and experiments, to use these concepts to reach generalizations, and to select, from among the most comprehensive of these generalizations, the first principles. The scientist should act neither like the spider who draws himself into his web nor like the ant who lives on what he finds from his surroundings. Rather, he should be like the honeybee who processes his findings and reorganizes them in a creative manner.` Francis Bacon (1561-1626) One of the characteristics of economic and managerial problems is that there are many possible decisions. For example, it is possible to produce the same residential bloc by using different technologies, material or production time. In practical questions, it is important to find `the best` i.e., the optimal decisions. Decisions the are both optimal and timely can often produce efficiency and conserve money. In the presence of only a few possible alternatives, the optimal decision may be easy to find. Yet, even in the case of seemingly small problems, the spectrum of choices may indeed be wide. In the case of in-situ concrete residential buildings, tunnel formwork, floor unit, and slab systems have been chosen. There housing units in three variations, type A (110m2), type B (130m2) and types C (150m2),have been accepted. Then, the direct costs of these buildings have been `determined by looking at 10 floors. (In calculations of cost, indirect costs have not been computed because of acceptances.) The impacts of accepted design variables on cost have been researched. The components of building costs have been determined. Thus, the right information on cost can guide the owner and the contractor in the stages of decision making (pre-design),design and application. Furthermore, the feasibility research enables one to take advantage of other programs such as finance, risk control, computer supported business and statistics ; and it there fore can be used in all the stages of production control and monitoring. In conclusion, it is possible to keep the variance of consumed materials and services under control with the help of the submitted cost information. XVOn katlı olarak kabul edilen bu konutlar incelenerek, dolaysız maliyetleri saptanmıştır. Maliyet hesaplarında dolaylı maliyetler yapılan kabuller nedeniyle hesaplanamamıştır. Kabul edilen tasarım değişkenlerinin, maliyete yansıyan etkileri ve dağılımı araştırılmıştır. Bina maliyetinin bileşenleri tespit edilmiştir. Böylece doğru maliyet bilgileri, karar verme (ön tasarım), tasarım ve uygulama aşamalarında malsahibi ve yükleniciye rehber olmaktadır. Ayrıca yapılan fizibilite, finansman, risk yönetimi, bilgisayar destekli iş ve istatistik programlarının kulammı mümkün olmaktadır. Tüm üretim aşamalarının kontrolü ve denetiminin sağlanmasında maliyet verileri kullamlabilmektedir. Sonuçta öngörülen maliyet verileri ile tüketilen mal ve hizmetlerin arasındaki sapmaları (varyans) kontrol altında tutabilmek mümkündür. XIV

SUMMARY `To reach generalizations with conceptual ideas and predetermined principles and to try to explain concepts with these is an unfruitful attempt. The correct method is to find the concepts through observations and experiments, to use these concepts to reach generalizations, and to select, from among the most comprehensive of these generalizations, the first principles. The scientist should act neither like the spider who draws himself into his web nor like the ant who lives on what he finds from his surroundings. Rather, he should be like the honeybee who processes his findings and reorganizes them in a creative manner.` Francis Bacon (1561-1626) One of the characteristics of economic and managerial problems is that there are many possible decisions. For example, it is possible to produce the same residential bloc by using different technologies, material or production time. In practical questions, it is important to find `the best` i.e., the optimal decisions. Decisions the are both optimal and timely can often produce efficiency and conserve money. In the presence of only a few possible alternatives, the optimal decision may be easy to find. Yet, even in the case of seemingly small problems, the spectrum of choices may indeed be wide. In the case of in-situ concrete residential buildings, tunnel formwork, floor unit, and slab systems have been chosen. There housing units in three variations, type A (110m2), type B (130m2) and types C (150m2),have been accepted. Then, the direct costs of these buildings have been `determined by looking at 10 floors. (In calculations of cost, indirect costs have not been computed because of acceptances.) The impacts of accepted design variables on cost have been researched. The components of building costs have been determined. Thus, the right information on cost can guide the owner and the contractor in the stages of decision making (pre-design),design and application. Furthermore, the feasibility research enables one to take advantage of other programs such as finance, risk control, computer supported business and statistics ; and it there fore can be used in all the stages of production control and monitoring. In conclusion, it is possible to keep the variance of consumed materials and services under control with the help of the submitted cost information. XV