Ratlarda kritik büyüklükteki zigoma kemik defektinde adipoz kaynaklı mezenkimal kök hücrelerin kemik iyileşmesi üzerindeki etkileri

Abstract

Kemik defektlerinin tedavisinde halen en geçerli yöntem kortiko-kansellöz (bazenvaskülarize) kemik greftlerinin kullanımı olmasına rağmen, hücre bazlı stratejilerin önemi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bu amaçla farklılaşmamış (kök hücre) veya farklılaşmış (osteoblast) hücreler, birtakım büyüme faktörleri ile veya tek başına kullanılmaktadır.Bu çalışmanın amacı: ratlarda zigoma kritik büyüklükteki membranöz kemik defektinde, adipoz doku kaynaklı mezenkimal kök hücrelerin etkilerini göstermek ve osteojenik potansiyelleri arasındaki farkları ortaya koymaktır.15 aylıktan büyük 18 adet erkek wistar albino rat kullanılarak, lateral insizyonlar ile sağ ve sol zigomatik arklar ortaya konulacak Ratların bilateral zigomatik arklarında (36 zigoma) standart olarak 3mm kemik defekt oluşturulacak. 1.Grup deney grubu olarak, inguinal yağ yastıkçığı alanlarından alınacak olan yağ dokularına santrifüj işlemi uygulandıktan sonra oluşacak kök hücrelerin sağ zigoma kemik defektinin bulunduğu alana enjekte edilecek, 2. grup kontrol grubu olarak sol zigomada 3mm lik kritik kemik defekti oluşturularak kendi halinde iyileşmeye bırakılacak. 10. ve 20. haftalarda kemik defektlerinin iyileşme alanları 3 boyutlu tomografi ile değerlendirilecek ve sonrasında denekler sakrifiye edilerek kemik iyileşmesi histolojik olarak incelenecektirTemin edilmesi kolay olan adipoz kökenli kök hücrelerin yeni oluşan membranöz kemik dokusuna entegre olduğu ve yeni kemik oluşumunun istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede hızlandırdığı ve oluşan kemiğin kalitesinin arttığı histopatolojik, radyolojik incelemelerle kanıtlanacaktır.

Facial fractures with some defects are frequently encountered problems seen in clinical practice. Bone grafts or flaps are often used in their treatment. This leads to donor site morbidity and prolongation of the operation. Despite the best method in the treatment of bone defects is using bone patches, the importance of cell-based strategies have been increasing day by day. For this purpose, undifferentiated cells (stem cells) are used. We have planned this study to examine whether adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells have osteogenic effect in the critical sized membranous bone defect of the zygoma.For this hypothesis, we examined whether easily provided adipose derived stem cells improve the formation of new bones in the defect created membranous bone tissue radiologically and histologically, and evaluated whether there is a statistically significant difference as compared with the control group.Used 20 male Wistar-Albino rats that are older than 15 months, the right and left zygomatic arches were opened with lateral incisions. A standard 3-mm bone defect was created bilaterally on the zygomatic arcs of the rats(40 zygomas). In the first group (study group), the stem cell-rich material which was obtained by applying centrifugal process to the adipose tissue derived from the inguinal fat pad was injected into the site of the right zygomatic arch bone defect. In the second group as the control group, left zygomatic arc was left to heal secondarily after a 3-mm critical bone defect was created on it. In the postoperative tenth and twentieth weeks, the healing areas of bone defects were assessed by a three-dimensional tomography, and then, the rats were sacrified and bone healing was examined histologically. It is an expected situation that stem cells increase the rate of bone healing by differentiating in certain tissues. Also, fat tissue is a rich source of stem cells. It is predicted that if adipose tissue-derived stem cells can increase bone healing in the bone defect model, this application can replace the use of bone grafts and flaps in clinical practice. For this reason, the presence and the level of positive impact of the stem cell-rich adipose tissue on bone healing in the zygoma bone defect model of rats were examined.KEY WORDSAdipose, bone, osteogenesis, rat, zygoma.