Kuluçkalanmış yumurtalarda ölen ve kabuk altı kalan embriyolardan aerobik bakteri izolasyonu

Abstract

34 ÖZET Ankara ili sınırları içinde bulunan 5 değişik damızlık tavuk işletmesinden 712 embriyolu tavuk yumurtası aerobik bakteriyel etkenler yönünden incelenmiştir. Bunlardan, 193 'ü yumurtadan çıkarken ölen, 519 'u yumurtadan çıkamayan embriyoları kapsamaktadır. Yapılan mikrobiyolojik çalışmalar sonucu, izole edilen toplam 128 bakteriden, 80 Enterococcus sp. (% 62,5), 25 E.coli (% 19,5), 8 Micrococcus sp. (% 6,25), 4 B.cereus (% 3,1), 1 S. aureus (% 0,78), 1 S. epidermidis (% 0,78), 1 S. enteritidis (% 0,78), 1 Pr. mirabilis (% 0,78), 1 B. subtilis (% 0,78), izole ve identifiye edilmiştir. İncelenen yumurtaların ait olduğu damızlıklarda kuluçkaya etki eden patojenik etkenlerden ileri gelen bir infeksiyonun bulunmadığı ve kuluçkadaki randıman düşüklüğünün yumurtaların kabuktan kontamine olmasının yanı sıra nonmik- robik ve diğer faktörlere bağlı (% 82) olabileceği kanısına varılmıştır.

35 SUMMARY An investigation on the aerobic bacterial content of the embryos died during incubation periods of 21 days was carried out in 5 hatcheries (1 state + 4 privates) located in different parts of Ankara province. A total of 712 embyonated egg were obtained from these hatcheries. Of these embryos, 193 were approximately in 8-15 days of age and remaining 519 were in 16-21 days of age (some were alive and unable to break the egg shell). To isolate the aerobic bacteria, generally, blood agar enriched with 0,1 % yeast extract and 0,1 % glucose were used. In addition for the identification of Gram positive bacteria, Baird-Parker medium, Mannitol Salt agar, Ox-bile agar, Edward's agar and for Gram negative bacteria, Mac Con- key agar, Eosine Methylen Blue (EMB) agar, Simmon Citrat agar, Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) agar, Malonate broth were used. Biochemical as well as serologicals tests and other specific tests necessary in this study were also included for the purpose of identification of agents. According to the results of this study, Enterococcus sp. 80 (62,5 %), E.coli 25 (19,5 %), Micrococcus sp. 8 (6,25 %), B. cereus 4 (3,1 %), Enterobacter sp. 3 (2,3 %), Ps. ae ruginosa 3 (2,3 %), S. aureus 1 (0,78 %), S. epidermidis 1 (0,78 %) were isolated and identified (A total of 128 micro organisms). Vertically transmissible agents affecting the hatchability such as, S. gallinarum, S. pullorum and the36 others were not isolated. Because, Salmonellosis and Mycoplasmosis were tested regulary and control measures were taken in these 5 hatcheries. This study showed that the low hatchability was not mainly microbial origin. The other non microbial factors might affect on the hatchability very much, and they must be taken into consideration. These later factors were 82 % (non microbial factors).