Türk müziğinde terminoloji

Abstract

ÖZET Türk müziğinde terminoloji, eksik kalan en önemli konulardan biridir. Müzikte terminolojinin oluşabilmesi için belli konularda standardizasyona gidilmesi gerekir. Bu tez de Türk müziğinde genel kavramlarda günümüz eğitim sisteminde geçen terimler, Avrupa müziğinde genel kavramlarda en fazla kullanılan orijinal ve Türkçeleşmiş bazı genel kavramlar, Türk müziğinde ve Avrupa müziğinde ritm ile ilgili terimler, Türk müziğinde akordlarla ile ilgili terimler, ses sistemleriyle ilgili terimler, Türk müziğinde ve Avrupa müziğinde notasyonun gelişimi ve notasyon ile ilgili terimler, fizikte geçen müzik ile ilgili terimler, müzikte standardizasyon ile ilgili düşünceler ve örnekler yazılmıştır. Türkçeleşen orijinal terimler yerine oturmuş ve en fazla kullanılan terimler olmuştur.

SUMMARY Terminology is one of the most important subjects that lacks in Turkish music. Standardization in certain subjects have to be achieved in order to develop terminology in music. Insufficiency of terms used in Turkish music up till today, is one of the factors that restricts Turkish music to evolve and accepted in the scientific sense. The terms present in this thesis are the most commonly used terms in Turkish music. Foreign terms are used in the original form first, and then in the text they have been used as they are pronounced. The former studies on terminology are examined and terms not used today are encountered in these studies. The counterparts of these foreign terms have been translation of that word and a term that is far from meaning have been emerged. The term producing methods, derivation, joining, to use more than one word and meaning exchange are the subjects to be utilized in term producing. To reuse the language items those are forgotten or only living in dialects or in daily speech is also a term producing method. These methods are as follows; - Derivation - to derivate of oriental and western originating words with Turkish suffixes - to produce a new term is to make a new word by joining two or more words together - Exchange Now let's explain these methods accordingly; vin. The first method to be used in term producing is `derivation`. That is to add constructive suffixes to a proper root or body. The most effective way to develop a language is to produce words by derivation. The most important role is played by suffixes in derivation. The dictionary meanings of word roots have to be considered for the derived term to become well-known and accepted. It is not convenient to make samples by looking to the phoneme or meanings of the foreign words.. Derivation of oriental and western originating words with Turkish suffixes are being encountered. If these words are widely being used and not causing any complexity, they shouldn't be destroyed. The terms taken into the thesis are the most common terms.. Another way to produce a new term is to make a new word by joining two or more words together. If a concept cannot be understood by one word another word may be needed. Sometimes, the foreign language counterpart of this word is also a joined word. And sometimes, a joined word may be met by single word while becoming Turkish..Another method used while producing terms is meaning exchange. Meaning exchange is; to transfer the meaning of the term to another word that is used in the language or to limit some part of the term, to be able to find a counterpart for a new term. But, this method shouldn't be used unless it is obviously necessary. The important thing is to find a single counterpart for every concept, not one word to become different meanings. While looking for a counterpart for a term, an exact definition of that term have to made and its meaning have to be made clear. Pronunciation of the counterpart word have to be easy, it have to give the meaning of its counterpart and it have to obey the linguistic rules. Attention IXmust be paid for non existence of another word in the language that is carrying the phoneme of the derived term. Italian, French, English, Latin, Spanish, Arabic and Turkish counterparts of the terms present in the thesis have been searched, a table for the most used phonemes in Turkish music is established, the punctuation marks in Turkish music and their changes throughout time is written. Historical development process of notation of European music have been explained by the help of examples. The terms related to notation in Turkish music have been demonstrated with examples and tables in their historical development process. Performance subjects in Turkish and European music are collected under the following titles:. Chorus,. orchestra,. conductor,. instrumentalist (in European music),. societies, (in Turkish music). performers,. chorus and instrumentalists, (instrumentalists in religious music),. performers in military music,. the terms those used in arches instruments in European music,. arches techniques,. the terms used in percussion instruments,. the terms used in wind instruments.ıe wind instruments wind techniques have been studied and some amples are given. des some music terms related to physics, by;. coma,. fisagar coma,. didymus comas,. sentonik coma,. magna coma,. diesis coma,. holder coma terms are also explained. iides the terms in the chapter about general concepts in Turkish and i music, the names of complete 4s and complete 5s, other 4s and 5s, ition of tunes names of the grades the terms related to the chords Turkish music, rhythm in Turkish music, names of the rhythms, the used in military music, some terms used in Turkish Art Music in the my are written. European music general concepts, rate terms, slow rate terms, rate terms, rapid rate terms, combined rate terms, the terms used to he rate, nuance, expression nuances, the terms that determines the rate onal terms, the terms related to rhythm are written. European music phoneme systems ;. Fisagar phoneme system. Zarlino phoneme system h names, xamined, parts of yects are ash and J about both the terms in les. The 2 mostly become ti music ist start ve been e terms ientific XI. Tanpere system In Turkish music the opinions about phoneme systems accepted by;. The systematic school. Rauf Yekta Arel-Ezgi-Uzdilek. Ayhan Zeren. Yalçın Tura are written. In this thesis; general concepts in Turkish music, the voice pitch names, tune names, chords, rhythms that used in today's Turkish music are examined, in European music general concepts, foreign language counterparts of backgrounds, rate terms nuances, the terms related to the rhythm subjects are handled. The terms related to the phoneme systems found in Turkish and European music, standards and standardization, the opinions about standardization in music, the historical development of notation in both the Turkish music and European music and the terms used in notation, the terms in physics related to music are demonstrated with numerous examples. The original terms those have became Turkish have fit well and become the mostly used terms. It is important that for Turkish music's own terminology become stabilized, the institutions and organizations concerning about Turkish music should accept the same terminology. Studies about unclear points must start immediately. The studies till today have not been sufficient and it could not have been possible to establish a common acceptance. The insufficiency of the terms used in Turkish music till today is one of the factors that inhibits the scientific development and acceptance of Turkish music. XIIThe organizations and persons those concerned about Turkish music but not use scientific methods, have tried to make the terms accepted in European music Turkish without giving attention to Turkish language characteristics and without scientific methods. Some Turkish counterparts have been found for the terms coming from foreign languages, but not all of these counterparts been appropriated. Standardization in certain subjects (phoneme systems, instrument) have to be started for a terminology to be established in Turkish music. Scientific study is a must to be able to arrive a world terminology needed in science and arts. XUl