Zekai Dede`nin hayatı, sanatı ve Üçüncü Selim ekolünün sanatına etkileri

Abstract

ÖZET Zekâi Dede, Klasik Türk Müziğinin son büyük beste kârlarından birisi olup, Üçüncü Selim devrinden çok sonra yaşamış olmasına rağmen, adı geçen bestekâr, padişahın oluşturmuş olduğu Ekol 'den fazlasıyla etkilenmiştir. 1824-25 yılında (1240 h) İstanbul'da doğmuştur. Babası Hafız Süleyman Hikmeti Efendi, annesi ise Ziynet Hanımdır. Hafız Zekâi 'nin ilk musiki hocası Eyyubi Mehmet Bey'dir. Sonraları İsmail Dede Efendi ve Dellâlzâde İsma il'in de talebesi olmuştur. Hafız Zekâi Efendi 20 yaşından itibaren 12 yıl kadar Mısır'da ikamet etmiştir. Zekai Dede 1897 yılında İstanbul'da vefat etmiş tir. İkinci Bölümde büyük bestekârlarımızın altı adet beste formundaki eserleri müzikal açıdan ele alınıp, aynı eserlerin aruz, usul ilişkileri incelendi ve onun bu alanda ustalığı belirtildi. Üçüncü bölümde ise Üçüncü Selim Ekolünün, Zekâi Dede 'nin sanatına etkileri ortaya konularak bu Ekol 'den ne kadar etkilenmiş olduğu ifade edildi. - v -

SUMMARY Eyyübi Hoca Hafxz Mehmet Zekai Dede Efendi was born in Cedit Ali Paşa District, İstanbul in I825- His father, Hafxz Süleyman Hikmet Efendi was the Imam of the neighbourhood. He started his education at Lalelizade Ab- dulkadir Efendi School. His uncle, Hafxz İbrahim Zühtü Efendi Was a teacher in this school. His father was work ing in this school as a Hat teacher too. Zekai Efendi wen ton to take Koran Lesson from his uncle, hat lessons from his father, after finishing the primary school. He took hat icazeti (diploma) when he was at the age of 18 in 1843 at the same time he took Medrese (University level) subjects from Ali Hoca Efendi. He learned a little Arabic and Persian. He started taking music lessons from the great mu sician Eyyübi Mehmet Bey who was their neighbour and he organized (applied) fasxl meşk a few times in a year. He also learned sülüs and nesih, improved hat by taking extra courses from famous hattat and composer Ka zasker Mustafa İzzet Efendi. After taking music lessons, Zekai Efendi composed some songs and religious music (ilahi) in a few months which demonstrated his ability in this area. Eyyübi Mehmet Bey saw his talent and introduced him to Büyük Dede Efendi who was also his teacher. Zekai Efendi took lessons two, three, four times a week in 1844-45. - vi -In 1845 he went to Egypt as a count musician of Mustafa Fazıl Paşa who was one of Egyptian Princes. At the age of 20 he composed an Ağır Semaî from suzidil and he also became famous in Hanende. Dede Efendi had died in Hicaz after one year of Zekai Bey travel to Egypt. Zekai Efendi stayed in Egypt aproximately for more than 6 years until 18 51. He came to Istanbul to visit his family, at the date however he returned to Cairo in March 1852. He has lived there for more than six years. Zekai Efendi came to Istanbul with prince Mustafa Fazıl Paşa because of Fazıl Paşa' s new job. On 15 April 1858. The prince had appointed as a ministrate at that time so. Zekai Efendi lived in Istanbul with him. After a while Mustafa Paşa became a vezir and lived in Istanbul until his death. Zekai Efendi also lived in Mustafa Paşa.' s palaces and occasionally visited Egypt during those years. 1875 Mustafa Fazıl Paşa died. He didn't use to go to Europe with Mustafa Fazıl Paşa. Mustafa Fazıl Paşa was the twin of Hidiv îsmail Paşa and he was the richest and the most generous person. So Zekai Efendi lived in con- fort for 3 0 years with him. He learned Arabic songs from Şeyh Sinab. It is estimated that he compused his 3 6 Arabic religious songs called Sugl M.Egypt. Zekai Efendi was called as `Dede` in a later date. In 1868 he became a trainee of Yenikapı Şeyhi Osman Sela- hattin Dede Efendi. Zekai Dede Efendi started to sing twice in this Mevlevihane. - Vll -Zekâi Dede Efendi, being the student of these two great musicians who lived during Sultan Selim the third's reign, had reflected their style in his works he had earned a highly regarded place between the followers on Dede school. - x -songs in modern way and they established music knowledge and culture again which were almost forgatten after XVI century. In the third section, the place of Zekai Dede in Turkish Music has been interpreted. For this reason, Se- rd lim the 3 school and its effects on Zekai Dede Efendi is inspected and identified. The Makam is created in rd III Selim School and other innovations are examined, their influence on Zekai Dede Efendi are emphasized. From this school 3 Zekai Dede, 3 Mustafa Efendi songs are given as samples. 2 third of these songs are given for usul and one for the makam. 121 of his songs are identified according to makam (mode). It is inspected rd how much Zekai Dede was effected from 3 Selim school on makam. In the. fourth section, six of Zekai Dede ' s songs from Acemaşiran, Beyati, Hicazkar, Hisarbuselik, Rast and Tair modes (makam) were examined from musical fount of view, and the relationships of Aruz and usul are control led. 114 out of 121 pieces composed by Zekai Dede are found in TRT archieves by me and written by my girl fri end Ayşe. But it is important to explain something now. I have spent great efforts to find the song composed by Zekai Dede. In order to find it, I went to Ankara and succeded to find only 121 pieces. I wish, I could have found all of his pieces, however it is not difficult to guess that it is almost possible. We should admit that Zekâi Dede is a distinguished composer, as one of the last representatives of Classical Turkish Music. His teachers Eyyubi Mehmet Bey and Ismail Dede Efendi have effected him very much. - ix -Zekâi Dede Efendi, being the student of these two great musicians who lived during Sultan Selim the third's reign, had reflected their style in his works he had earned a highly regarded place between the followers on Dede school. - x -