İsrailiyyatın tefsirine girişi

Abstract

SUMMARY Although a long period of time (14 centuries) has passed since the Koran had been revelated, even a letter of it didn't change or couldn't be changed. Unlike the Koran which is away from distortions and being ruined, The Torah, The Bible and other holy Books which were former then the Koran considering the date of inspiration were completly lost or changed by their own members and they lost their divine peculiarities with their present situation. Not Arabs and people of the Book only lived, travelled and trade together before the period of prophet Muhammad(peace and blessing be upon him), but they also interacted during Islamic period. The rate of literacy was low among Arabs and the cultural level wasn't high. In such a situation, of course, there was a cultural currency from the person who knew much to the person the knowledge of whom was low. Even though Muhammad's open prohibition such as `Don't ask anything to people of the Book... You should neither confirm nor deny what are told by them` But some subjects were asked to the peopleof the Book. The prophet's hadith `There isn't any harm to derivate news from `Benî israil` ` On which many explanations are convenient, was taken as a measurment to derivate news from Isrealî. The companions didn't ask everything esspecialy the subjects about creed and judgements, but they asked about some stories and some secondary things. More than a thousand versus of the Koran tell about the people of the Book. And the number of the hadiths about the people of the Book is a great number. As the purpose is understanding the Koran in explenations of these versus, some knowledges originated from the people of the Book, The Torah, The Bible were used. Besides the Koran's attitude against the people of the Book, because of the prophet's, his companion's and their follower's behaviours against the people of the Book, `îsrâiliyyât` was in demand among muslims. These news wasn't made up without reason, as some others claimed. Commentaries on the Koran weren't aimed to be changed into `îsrâiliyyât ball` on the contrary, these Isreali stories were used for somem reasons such as interprate the Koran's versus, to support the Koran and to shui up the people of the Book. By the help the stories, these Isreali narrations were started to be told so widely among muslims that in the commentaries on the versuses about 12 people from Mose's tribe who were sent to the holy lands, `Ave b. Unuk's` story has changed to `Ocumoluk` in some regions and we eye- witnessed this even. In sum, the opunions of our scholarships on the derivation of Isreali hearsay are those; it is admisible to rumour on Isreali news if it is suitable to the Islam. The versuses about the people of the book are interprated in that way. The word in the hadith: ` haddisû/derivate` points out that if the truth of something is known, it can be derivated or narrated. But the news which is against revelation and logic isn't allowable for derivation. The allowance of Allah to apply for the people of the book and the permission of his prophet for narrating from them don't include the false news. Because it can't even be imagined that Allah and his prophet would give permission to false news. Islam's decision on the subject that can probably be true is that not to accept the reception and refusal. The prophet's sentence `Don't confirm or deny the people of the book` explains this point of view. But the derivations on such news without any discription like completly right or completly wrong should be evaluated in the admissible from of derivations. Success and Salvation belongs to God.