Türk resminde çağdaşlaşma süreci

Abstract

The first relationships of the Turkish paingting art had become true in the restricted events in Tatih's peroid. But these restriced reletionships hadnot been enough to be broken of the trad't'onalpa'nt'ngunderstanding. İn Turkey, as west wants, the first painting examples had been darawn at Mühendishane-i Berri Hümayun founded in 1793, and at Mektebi-i Harbiye-i Şahane, openeol 1835 such as at the military and engineering schools. The courses, staring with such map, and technical painting subjest, afterwards, it had included the liberal painting, with this aim, besides the teachers, coming from west, the talented studens had been sent to west to take the painting education, especially, to France. The painting understanding, turned to west had been caused to take the root by helping of the soldier origin painters, and had been taken possession of our culture. This new comprehension had been focalized in the style of a common view. The 19th centuty Turkish painting had become true in the various of view completly except of some.rules. Devotion to nature, the workmanship, based on an enternalpatience, eye-straining work had been the general characteristic style of the Turkish painting. Towards the end of 19th century, from the point of wiew of Tukish painting art, the most development is to be founded at fine arts school. In 1882 Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi, which Osman Hamdi Bey was appointed as a manager, had been opened officially on the 3rd of march in 1883 and after this, the education had been to this school from military schools. The second great period of the contemprary Turkish painting occurs with the activities, starting after founding `Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi` The painters who graduated from this scool and went to Europe had come back to home with Trench impressions. But as it is known that in the years of 1910-1914 impressionism was an exhausted trend in Europe. But our painters, went to west, had not had necessary preparation and cultural background to appraise various trends and to analyze. And then there wasn't in the social life so our painters had brought an old trend to country as a newness. Despite of all these,potrait,figure and the naked women's pictures had entered Turkish art by these painters. The turkish painters joined around an organization at the begining of the 20th century. The first association of the Turkish painters is 'Osmanlı Ressamlar Cemiyeti', founded in 1909. the name of association had been transformed into. The Turkish painters union in 1926. these organizations which provide a90 specific solidarity among trie artists and give the posibility of tought transmission had come out with aim of defending specific trends in coming years. After declaring of Repablic,the procedure of development and newness had approached dynamic level and this time both the painting artists had been sent to west to take painting education and the new institutions had been established be half on the painting activities. The students,who graduated from the institution,named'Güzel Sanatlar Akademisi'in the 1926,had accelerated in forming a new union in the turning of finishing their abroad education between 1924-1928 years. Following each other,the exhibitions of the union called'Mustakil Ressam ve~Heykeltraşlar Birliği'had repercussion in the world of art. The first ten years of repablichjs full of the activities of 'Müstakiller' and in the tenth year in Ankara,the exhibition of revolition paintings has been organized,the aim of this exhibition had been the artists to oriantate to the national subjects,like the impressionist origin movement in the turkish art,in 1928. A development in the movements of Mustakiller,following the trends of the art in Europe from behind hapenned too. So far as it is concored 1930 years,the effects, dominated on our artists,are the effects of trend,grasping will orienate either a generation or a group,known names aren't just in the agenda. Representing the trend by the artists group in Turkey.had generally been accepted enough in the points of following newness. In our contempary painting,in 1933 some artists had founded 'Group D'with some mustakiller,The artists of this group had consisted of the people who accepted cubism and abstracted art. up to 1947 they had lasted their activities by organizing about 15 exhibitions. Andre Lhote who was the teacher of a lot of Turkish painters shows his clarity influence in this period. Whith Lhote,in the years of 1930 and 1940 named Leger and Levy foreign teachers had had influenses in forming Turkish painting. After 1940's Lepold Levy had a great influence on the trained artists. It is possible to see all aspects of the_art in their works. The institution of Academy being modernized in the directions of contemporary norms and a reform had been come true,thus,Academy had been new expert teachers91 The years of 1940 is a period,being organization would be accelareted. By closing Müstakiller founded in 1942 'Türk Ressamlar ve Heykeltraşlar Cemiyeti'to assemble the artists and provide the solidarity among them,to have public like fine arts,by organizing the art affairs in country, they had undertaken activities which are in the form of preparing study possibilities form them, however, founded in 1941 'Yeniler Grubu'had studied on social topics in their moderate and woman subjects great exhibitions, organizing the tours, a long country, had contributed to the Turkish painting being opened to the truths, of nature and people of Anatolia. After 1945 in Turkey, opening a new political period, being passed multiparties life had caused the country trips to stop. From the declaring of Republic to 1950,it was observed a quality of accumulation would condense in Turkish painting art. The artists had dealt with the questions of painting with every dimension, and had come out the painting subject to a professional occupation level. The questions, related with painting considering by newspapers and magazines and opening the debate, had contributed in term of development of the contemporary Turkish painting. In this period, the general tendency of artists is towards western art trends. From another side, the effect, of traditional arts and the culture of local in new creation, had started to be in demand. The content of the art had been tried to comprehend. After 1950's, Turkey, The Turkish art had survived with its modern and universal programs, according to the former periods there are more susceptible and clear. After 1950, seen the more changes in this structure of socio-economic had influenced the style of thought and life as natural and had proceded a lot of differences. By becoming new style programs and the medhots of new artistic formation would be proved with personality struggles as a period. The tempo of becoming contemporary of The Turkish painting had reached an uninterrupted continuity in the direction of individual style researches. After the artists had grasped the tendencies in west and a critical valuation, they sought the style in the direction of their own personalities. Without being related to whatever trend, purposing their own origin arts to be forming they had continuously found in the newness struggle. They had tried to have the language of contemporary painting to become rich. An howl observed such as the abstract expression, social criticism, the art of photography, the art of pop, hiperrealism, fantastic, real superiority, multi tendencies.