1930-1945 arası dönemde Türkiye`de militer anlayış ve yansıması

Abstract

19. yfizyil, i9inde barmdirdigi dfinum noktalari ile ideolojilerin be§igini te§kil etmi§tir. Ulus-devletlerin de bu dSnemde birliklerini saglayip tarih sahnesine 9ikmasiyla pek 90k uygulama beraberinde kendi varhgirn olu§turmu§tur. Simr olgusu ve bu sirunn dis gii9lere kar§i korunmasi kaygisi, dtizenii ordulann olu§umunu mesju tabanlara oturturken, siirekli bir tehdit algisi ile vxicuda getirilen militer toplum kurgusu, izlenen sistemli politikalar ile basarili kihnmaya 9ali§ilmigtir. Askerlige ait degerlerin topluma aktanlmasi ve sivil hayatta benimsenmesi olarak tammlayabilecegimiz militarizmin temel kaygisi devletin guvenligi ve bekasinm temin edilmesidir ve bu konuda gerekli ideolojik aki§m gundelik yasama yansimasi saglamr. Ulus-devletin vatanda§lik bagi ile iliski kurdugu sadik uyelerinin `milli mudafaa`daki etkinlikleri, onlarm `iyi yurtta?` olarak yaratiminda onemli bir gosterge olmustur. 20. yuzyil ba§larmdan itibaren Avrupa iilkelerinde gozlemledigimiz asker-millet kurgusu etki sirurmi arttirrm§tir. Turkiye'de boylesi kurgunun geli§imi batih ornekleri ile benzerlik gosteren bir ozelige sahip olmustur. Zorunlu askerlik ve askerlik Sncesi egitim ile vucut saglamhgimn ehemmiyeti vurgulanirken ulusun savunmasim esas alan politikalar izlenmi§tir. I. Dunya Savas/mn sonuQlarmdan edirdlen `tecriibeler` ile II. Dunya Sava§i'na hazirlanan uluslann genel 9izgisinin asker-millet olus.umundan ge9tigi gorgiil ornekler ile gSzlenebilmektedir.

19th century was the turning point of thought with the importance of ideologies. Most of the nation-states has constituted their economical and political unities in that term and had important roles in the political arena by their different practices. Border fact and the anxiety of protecting borders against to the exterior forces stated the systematic armies legitimate and the military society thought, formed with the continual threat, was tried to be successfull by nations' policies. Militarism can be defined as the adaptation of military symbols and values in civil society has a main concern of nation's security and continuation. For this goal, the ideological transformation to the daily life of society was provided by formers. The performance of the citizens in national defence was a serious evidence of their creation of `good citizen`. Army-nation thought that can be analised in European nations in 20th century, extended its influence. In Turkey, the thought of army-nation has similarities with its western models. By compulsory military service and education before military service, the importance of body stability was emphasized and its role in the defence of nation was pointed. The experiences of World War I gave nations a direction for the preparation of World War II by the policy of army-nation form that can be understood from their practices.