Iğdır ekolojisinde yetişen erik meyvelerinin bazı fitokimyasal içeriklerinin belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, Iğdır'da yetiştirilen beş ticari erik çeşidi (Autumn Giant, Angelino, Black Berry Siplender, Japon eriği ve Can erik) beş de yabani erik tipi kullanılmıştır. Erik genotiplerinin pomolojik özellikleri, C vitamini, organik asit ve fenolik bileşik içeriklerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada incelenen 10 genotipin pomolojik özelliklerine bakıldığında en yüksek meyve ağırlığı 130.507 g olarak, meyve eni 56.389 mm olarak, meyve boyu 48.577 mm olarak ve meyve yüksekliği 53.340 mm olarak Autumn Giant çeşidinde ölçülmüşken, meyve sap uzunluğu Japon çeşidinde 13.705 mm olarak, titre edilebilir asitlik Angelino çeşidinde % 2.061, suda çözünür kuru madde içeriği Can Erik çeşidinde %19.495 olarak ve pH Tip 5 genotipinde 3.7 olarak saptanmıştır. En yüksek C vitamini Tip 2 genotipinde (29,44 mg 100g-1) olarak saptanmıştır. Organik asitlerden en yüksek okzalik asit Tip 3 genotipinde (7.964 mg 100g-1), sitrik asit Autumn Giant çeşidinde (27.142 mg 100g-1), malik asit Black Berry Splinder çeşidinde (5.121 mg 100g-1), süksinik asit Angelino çeşidinde (5.541 mg 100g-1), fumarik asit yine Angelino çeşidinde (7.071 mg 100g-1) olarak belirlenmiştir. Fenolik bileşik içeriklerine bakıldığında en yüksek gallik asit Tip 4 genotipinde (2.078 mg 100g-1), protokateşuik asit Angelino çeşidinde (1.975 mg 100g-1), kateşin Tip 4 genotipinde (6.971 mg 100g-1), klorojenik asit Autumn Giant çeşidinde (20.027 mg 100g-1), vanilik asit Autumn Giant çeşidinde (0.589 mg 100g-1), kafeik asit Tip 4 genotipinde (1.192 mg 100g-1), siringik asit Tip 4 genotipinde (0.982 mg 100g-1), p-kumarik asit Angelino çeşidinde (1.712 mg 100g-1), ferulik asit Tip 5 genotipinde (1.647 mg 100g-1), o- kumarik asit Angelino çeşidinde (0.388 mg 100g-1), rutin Tip 1 genotipinde (0.981 mg 100g-1) belirlenmiştir.Elde edilen veriler değerlendirildiğinde çeşitler ve yabani tipler arasında büyük bir çeşitliliğin olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma ile ulaşılan sonuçların gelecekte planlanacak ıslah programları bakımından da önem arz ettiği düşünülmektedir.

Five commercial plum varieties (Autumn Giant, Angelino, Black Berry Splendor, Red Beauty and Green Plum) and five wild varieties are used in this research as material. The aim of the research is to determine pomological properties and vitamin C, organic acid and phenolic compound contents of the studied plum genotypes. Looking at the pomological properties of ten genotypes used in the study; the highest fruit weight, fruit width, fruit length and fruit height were measured as 130.507 g, 56.389 mm, 48.577 mm and 53.340 mm, respectively, in Autumn Giant variety while the highest pedicel length was measured in Red Beauty with 13.705 mm. The highest titratable acidity of 2.061% was observed in Angelino variety while the highest water-soluble dry matter content was measured in Green Plum with 19.945% and the highest pH was detected in Type 5 genotype as 3.7. The highest vitamin C content was detected in Type 2 genotype (29.44 mg 100g-1). As for the organic acids, the highest oxalic acid content was determined in Type 3 genotype (29.44 mg 100g-1), while the highest citric acid was detected in Autumn Giant variety (27.142 mg 100g-1). The highest malic acid content was observed in Black Berry Splendor variety (5.121 mg 100g-1), while the highest succinic and fumaric acid contents were detected in Angelino variety with 5.541 mg 100g-1 and 7.071 mg 100g-1, respectively. Phenolic compound contents were also varied. The highest gallic acid content was determined in Type 4 genotype (2.078 mg 100g-1), as well as the highest catechin (6.971 mg 100g-1), caffeic acid (1.192 mg 100g-1), and syringic acid (0.982 mg 100g-1) contents. The highest protocatechuic, p-coumaric and o-coumaric acid contents were found in Angelino variety as 1.975 mg 100g-1, 1.712 mg 100g-1 and 0.388 mg 100g-1, respectively. The highest chlorogenic acid (20.027 mg 100g-1) and vanillic acid (0.589 mg 100g-1) contents were detected in Autumn Giant variety. The highest ferulic acid content was detected in Type 5 genotype (1.647 mg 100g-1) while the highest rutin content was found in type 1 genotype (0.981 mg 100g-1).When obtained results are elaborated it was seen that there is a significant diversity among varieties and genotypes. The results of this study are considered important since they provide significant data for the improvement programs to-be-planned in the future.