Yeşilyurt (Malatya) yöresi bademlerinin (Prunus amygdalus L.) seleksiyonu

Abstract

Bu çalışma 2016-2018 yılları arası Malatya ilinin Yeşilyurt ilçesinde doğal olarak yetişen badem popülasyonu içerisinden ümitvar olanları belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada badem meyve ıslah amaçları doğrultusunda popülasyondan ilk yıl 92 tipten meyve örneği alınmış ve bazı meyve özellikleri incelenmiştir. Badem genotipleri içerisinde ön eleme yapılarak iç ağırlığı 0,8 g ve üzeri olan 35 genotipten ikinci yıl tekrar meyve örneği alınmıştır. Bu tipler üzerinde yapılan gözlem ve değerlendirmelere göre belirli seleksiyon kriterleri esas alınarak yapılan tartılı derecelendirme sonucunda 18 genotip ümitvar olarak seçilmiştir. Seçilen genotiplerde tam çiçeklenme 2017 yılında 25 Mart- 6 Nisan, 2018 yılında ise 21 Mart-6 Nisan tarihleri arasında kaydedilmiştir. Ümitvar genotiplerde kabuklu meyve ağırlığı 3,50 g (44-YE-54)-12,07 g ((44-YE-69), kabuklu meyve kalınlığı 12,30 mm (44-YE-58)-18,91 mm (44-YE-61), kabuklu meyve eni 19,15 mm (44-YE-14)-30,68 mm (44-YE-59), kabuklu meyve boyu 29,79 mm (44-YE-14)-45,38 mm (44-YE-59), kabuk kalınlığı 2,43 mm (44-YE-54)-5,26 mm (44-YE-59), iç ağırlığı 0,76 g (44-YE-11)-1,56 g (44-YE-59), iç meyve kalınlığı 3,79 mm (44-YE-68)-7,20 mm (44-YE-50), iç meyve eni 8,19 mm (44-YE-68)-17,57 mm (44-YE-59), iç meyve boyu 21,10 mm (44-YE-61)-28,40 (44-YE-64) ve randımanı %12,96 (44-YE-59)-%26,69 (44-YE-54), çift iç oranı %0 ile 20, 1 onz'a giren iç badem sayısı 22,93 (44-YE-14)-35,55 (44-YE-54) arasında kaydedilmiştir. Seçilen genotiplerin iç badem rengi 2'sinde açık, 8'inde orta açık, 8'inde koyu, iç badem tadı 1'inde orta, 17'sinde tatlı, tüylülük durumu bakımından 11'i az tüylü, 5'i orta tüylü, 2'si tüylü, kabuk sertliği bütün genotiplerde çok sert olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ümitvar seçilen genotiperin 13'ünde ağaç şekli dik yayvan, 5'inde yayvan olarak belirlenmiştir.

This study was carried out between the years of 2016 and 2018 in order to determine promising genoypes in native almond population, growing naturally in the region of Yeşilyurt in the city of Malatya. In the study, in accordance with the aims of the almond breeding, fruit samples were taken from the 92 types in the first year and different fruit properties were examined. By performing a preselection among the almond genotypes, the fruit properties of which were examined in the first year, a fruit sample from the 35 genotypes whose kernel weight was 0.8 g and above was taken again in the second year. According to the observations and evaluations performed on these genotypes, 18 genotypes were chosen as promising ones as a result of the weighted rating based on the certain selection criteria. The full bloom in the chosen genotypes was recorded between 25th March and 6th April in 2017 and 21st March and 6th April in 2018. Among the promising genotypes, the following data were recorded as the shelled fruit weight 3.50 g (44-YE-54)-12.07 g (44-YE-69), the shelled fruit thickness 12.30 mm (44-YE-58)-18.91 mm (44-YE-61), the shelled fruit width 19,15 mm (44-YE-14)-30.68 mm (44-YE-59), the shelled fruit length 29.79 mm (44-YE-14)-45.38 mm (44-YE-59), the shell thickness 2,43 mm (44-YE-54)-5,26 mm (44-YE-59), the kernel weight 0.76 g (44-YE-11)-1.56 g (44-YE-59), the kernel fruit thickness 3.79 mm (44-YE-68)-7,20 mm (44-YE-50), the kernel fruit width 8.19 mm (44-YE-68)-17.57 mm (44-YE-59), the kernel fruit length 21.10 mm (44-YE-61)-28.40 (44-YE-64) and the kernel ratio %12.96 (44-YE-59)-%26.69 (44-YE-54), the double kernel ratio %0-20, the number of kernel almond in 1 ons 22.93 (44-YE-14)-35.55 (44-YE-54). As for the kernel almond colour in the chosen genotypes, 2 of them were light, 8 were medium light and 8 were dark. As for the kernel taste, 1 of them was medium, 17 were sweet. In terms of the hairiness 11 genotypes were less, 5 of them were medium and 2 of them were hairy. The hardness of the shell was evaluated as too hard in all the genotypes. 13 of the tree shapes of the genotypes chosen as promising were upright-spread and 5 of them were upright.