Garvey, Padmore, and Fanon: A critical appraisal of the role Caribbean-born radicals played in the African liberation movement from 1916-1963

Abstract

Bu tez Afrika bağımsızlık hareketinde önde gelen üç ismin kariyerini değerlendirecek: Jamaikalı Marcus Garvey, Trinidadlı George Padmore ve Martinikli Frantz Fanon. Bunu yaparken de Afrika bağımsızlık hareketinin Birinci Dünya Savaşı'ndan 1960'lara kadar olan dönemin ana temaları incelenecek. Her bir şahsiyetin en belirgin ideolojileri tartışılacak ve fikirlerinin birbirlerinden ve onlara muhalefet olan çağdaşlarından nasıl farklılık gösterdiği incelenecek. Pan-Afrkanizm, siyah milliyetçilik ve Afrika sosyalizmin geçirdiği değişim vurgulanacak. Garvey'in Afrika'ya Dönüş hareketine, Padmore'un şiddet içermeyen, pozitif hareketine ve Fanon'un şiddet ve neocolonialism (diğer ülkeleri ekonomik, siyasi ve kültürel yöntemlerle etki altına alma) üzerine olan fikirlerine vurgu yapılacak. Tez, her bir şahsiyetin bıraktığı izleri ve mirası analiz ederek bitecek.

This thesis assesses the careers of three Caribbean-born race leaders: Jamaica?s Marcus Garvey, Trinidad?s George Padmore, and Martinique?s Frantz Fanon. In doing so, it highlights the tricontinental nature of the African liberation movement and traces the major themes of the movement from the end of World War I to the early 1960s. The prominent ideologies of each of these figures are discussed, and special attention is paid to the manner in which their ideas diverged from one another and from their dissenting contemporaries. The evolution of Pan-Africanism, black nationalism, and African Socialism will be highlighted. The first chapter will discuss, among other things, the post-WWI conditions that paved the way for Garvey to become a major race leader in America; Garvey?s Universal Negro Improvement Association and its Back-to-Africa platform; his glorification of Africa?s past; his plans for an independent African state in Liberia; and the racialism and nationalism in his ideas. The second chapter will analyze Padmore?s early connection to the Communist Party in America; his break from the party, and the role Mussolini?s invasion of Ethiopia played in this; his prominent role in the groundbreaking 1945 Manchester Pan-African Congress; and his formulation of non-violent positive action and Marxism in an African context. The third chapter will examine Fanon?s opinions about violence in the colonial context; his emphasis that the peasantry must be the true driving force behind a revolution; his complex relationship with Marxism, including his repudiation of Padmore?s ideological Pan-African socialism; his ideas about neocolonialism; and his thoughts about national culture. Contemporary sources will be drawn from in the conclusion to address the relative success of the three men in light of more recent history.