Dünyada ve Türkiye`de bireysel emeklilik sistemi

Abstract

Social security systems, that are set for humans to live more safely, face withserious financial problems especially in the last part of 20th century. Among the mainreasons of the problems, the aging of the population and populist applications take theirplaces. To cope with these problems; the retirement age is made higher, the number ofdays for bonus is increased with the quantity of bonus, and there comes a reduction ofpensions. These arrangements become temporary remedies for financial problems. Inaddition to this, they cause the social security to lose the function of supplying retiredwith the minimal standards of life.In order the develop the life standards of retired, the studies for restruction inthe social security systems begin. In this context, there occurs different social securitysystems with many branchs. First of these branchs is compulsory social security systemswhich are based on the point of distribution and that will supply everybody with theminimal life standard in the administration of society. In the second branch of socialsecurity system, occupational retirement programmes with the base of business officeand branch that are generally financed by the employer take place. In the third branch ofthe systems there comes individual pension programmes that are based on the principleof voluntary participation. These programmes which work in the administration ofprivate companies and with the tehnique of funding aim to provide additional paymentfor individuals and develop the life standards.In Turkey, individual pension systems become active in October of 2003with the 4632nh law. Individual pension programmes generally work according to theprinciple of voluntary in the developed countries. Unlike this, in the developingcountries it is based on the point of compulsion. In Turkey, individual pension system isbased on the point of voluntary apart from the general applications. In this study, themodals of individual pension systems in the world and in Turkey are observed.

Social security systems, that are set for humans to live more safely, face withserious financial problems especially in the last part of 20th century. Among the mainreasons of the problems, the aging of the population and populist applications take theirplaces. To cope with these problems; the retirement age is made higher, the number ofdays for bonus is increased with the quantity of bonus, and there comes a reduction ofpensions. These arrangements become temporary remedies for financial problems. Inaddition to this, they cause the social security to lose the function of supplying retiredwith the minimal standards of life.In order the develop the life standards of retired, the studies for restruction inthe social security systems begin. In this context, there occurs different social securitysystems with many branchs. First of these branchs is compulsory social security systemswhich are based on the point of distribution and that will supply everybody with theminimal life standard in the administration of society. In the second branch of socialsecurity system, occupational retirement programmes with the base of business officeand branch that are generally financed by the employer take place. In the third branch ofthe systems there comes individual pension programmes that are based on the principleof voluntary participation. These programmes which work in the administration ofprivate companies and with the tehnique of funding aim to provide additional paymentfor individuals and develop the life standards.In Turkey, individual pension systems become active in October of 2003with the 4632nh law. Individual pension programmes generally work according to theprinciple of voluntary in the developed countries. Unlike this, in the developingcountries it is based on the point of compulsion. In Turkey, individual pension system isbased on the point of voluntary apart from the general applications. In this study, themodals of individual pension systems in the world and in Turkey are observed.