Manisa ve İzmir özel kesim işletmelerindeki orta ve üst düzey yöneticilerin zaman kullanma yaklaşımları ve bir model önerisi

Abstract

ÖZET Zaman yönetimi konusunu derinlemesine incelemeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmada, zaman önemli bir kaynak olarak değerlendirilmiş, zaman yönetiminin anlamı, yararları ve zararları açıklanmıştır. Zaman yönetimini etkileyen etmenler; bireysel özellikler, zaman yönetimini engelleyen etmenler ve zaman yönetimi yöntemleri başlıkları altında incelenmiştir. Yönetim süreçleri ve zaman yönetimi yöntemleri birlikte değerkendirilerek zaman yönetimi konusunda daha etkili olacağı düşünülen bir `zaman yönetimi modeli` oluşturulmuştur. Alan yazın incelemesi ve model, Manisa ve İzmir'deki özel kesim sanayi işletmelerinden 3 Tindeki 151 orta ve üst düzey yöneticinin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilen anket çalışmasıyla bütünleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada, dörtlü Likert ölçeği ve çoktan seçmeli sorulardan oluşan bir anket kullanılmıştır. Yöneticilerin zaman yönetimi konusundaki düzeylerini belirlemeye yönelik sorular dört boyutta hazırlanmıştır: Zaman planlaması, yetki devri, erteleme ve toplantı boyutları. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde frekans, yüzde, standart sapma, t-testi, varyans analizi ve Tukey B anlamlılık testinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, yöneticilerin zaman yönetimindeki ortalama yeterlilik düzeyi % 66.93 olarak bulunmuştur. Üst düzey yöneticilerin ortalamaları,' orta düzey yöneticilerinkinden; evli olanlarınki, bekarlarınkinden; kıdemli olanlarınki kıdemsizlerinkinden daha yüksek (daha olumlu) çıkmıştır. Zaman yönetimindeki yeterlilik düzeyinin, bu konuda seminer ya da konferansa katılanlarda daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Yöneticilerin en az zaman bulabildikleri yönetim görevleri 1. Sektöre ve yöneticiliğe ilişkin okuma 2. Eğitme/yetiştirme, 3. Araştırma-Rapor ve yazışmaları okuma olarak; işlerini en fazla aksatan etmenler ise 1. Ayrıntılarla uğraşmak 2. Acil işler 3. Yöneticinin işiyle ilgili olmayan ziyaretçiler- toplantılar olarak saptanmıştır. Çalışmamız, olanakların yetersizliği nedeniyle çeşitli sınırlılıklar taşımasına karşın, yöneticilerin zaman yönetimi konusunda belli bir fikir verebilecek düzeydedir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, yöneticinin, bu konuda yaşadıkları sorunların önlenebilecek ya da azaltılabilecek nitelikte olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu nedenle araştırma sonuçlarının ve bütünüyle tezin, bir rehber olacağını, yöneticilerin bir yandan seminer ve konferanslar yoluyla, bir yandan da bireysel çalışmalarla sorunlarını azaltabileceklerini umuyoruz. IIIABSTRACT İn the study, which aims to investigate the consept of time management profoundly, the time has been considered as a fundemental resaurce and the meaning, of time management have been explanied. With is adventages and disadventages. The factors which affect time management, has been discussed under the titles of personnel characteristics, the factors which hinder time management and the methods of time management. `A time management model` which is believed to be more effective, by evaluating the administrative processes and the methods of time management together. The model and the related literature had been integrated with the questionnaire which has been developed by colloborating with 151 upper and middle level administrators who were working for 3 1 private corporations located in Manisa and İzmir. The data was collected by a questionnaire which was composed in Likert type and contains questions in multiple choose format. The questions which want to determine the level of administrators in terms of time management have been organized in four dimensions: Time planing, delegation of authority, delays, and meeting. The following statistical techniques were used to analyze the data: Frequencies, percentages, standard deviations, `t` test, analysis of- variance(ANOVA) and Tukey B significant test. The findings of the study are follows: 1. The proficiency level of the administrators in terms of time management was found as 66.93 %. 2. The average score of upper level managers has been found greater than the scores of middle level managers. The average score of married managers has been found greater than the scores of bachelors. 3. The average score of older managers has been found greater than the scores of younger managers. 4. The average score of senior managers has been found greater than the scores of beginners. 5. The proficiency level related to time management of the managers who participated at some seminars, about on the subject has been found and conferences greater. 6. The administrative tasks which the administrators devoted very little time are the followings: (a)Reading about related topics and managing, (b)training and developing, (c) reading the research-reports and written communication. 7. The factors which stymie the tasks of administrators were found as follows: (a)To struggle with the details, (b) immediate tasks, (c) the visitors and the conferences that are not related to business. Thought our study is carrying limitations because of impossibilities, it give impression about time management approach of managers. The results of this study/research shows that the problem of managers are the ones which can be prevented or minimized at least. Owing to these results and the thesis it can be said that is probable to overcome the problems either by seminars and conferences or by personnel effort. 0 ' IV

ABSTRACT İn the study, which aims to investigate the consept of time management profoundly, the time has been considered as a fundemental resaurce and the meaning, of time management have been explanied. With is adventages and disadventages. The factors which affect time management, has been discussed under the titles of personnel characteristics, the factors which hinder time management and the methods of time management. `A time management model` which is believed to be more effective, by evaluating the administrative processes and the methods of time management together. The model and the related literature had been integrated with the questionnaire which has been developed by colloborating with 151 upper and middle level administrators who were working for 3 1 private corporations located in Manisa and İzmir. The data was collected by a questionnaire which was composed in Likert type and contains questions in multiple choose format. The questions which want to determine the level of administrators in terms of time management have been organized in four dimensions: Time planing, delegation of authority, delays, and meeting. The following statistical techniques were used to analyze the data: Frequencies, percentages, standard deviations, `t` test, analysis of- variance(ANOVA) and Tukey B significant test. The findings of the study are follows: 1. The proficiency level of the administrators in terms of time management was found as 66.93 %. 2. The average score of upper level managers has been found greater than the scores of middle level managers. The average score of married managers has been found greater than the scores of bachelors. 3. The average score of older managers has been found greater than the scores of younger managers. 4. The average score of senior managers has been found greater than the scores of beginners. 5. The proficiency level related to time management of the managers who participated at some seminars, about on the subject has been found and conferences greater. 6. The administrative tasks which the administrators devoted very little time are the followings: (a)Reading about related topics and managing, (b)training and developing, (c) reading the research-reports and written communication. 7. The factors which stymie the tasks of administrators were found as follows: (a)To struggle with the details, (b) immediate tasks, (c) the visitors and the conferences that are not related to business. Thought our study is carrying limitations because of impossibilities, it give impression about time management approach of managers. The results of this study/research shows that the problem of managers are the ones which can be prevented or minimized at least. Owing to these results and the thesis it can be said that is probable to overcome the problems either by seminars and conferences or by personnel effort. 0 ' IV