Fecr-i Ali yazarı Şahabeddin Süleyman -insan, eser, üslup-
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Abstract
Şahabeddin Süleyman was born in Istanbul, in 1885= He comes from Çavdarlı Ali Ağa family who brought.u$ many' gre:at state officials* He spent most of his childhood in Izmir^wiwe he finished elementary and secondary school-» He antered Mekteb-i MQlkiye-i Şahane in 1904 (1319) and `finished *?fl 1 90S, While he still was student at this school, on his father's, Süleyman 'Şevket, death who Was tfre director of Izmir Def ter-i Hakanı f-o @?arn his family's life, he beqan to work as official in the secreta- ry of Maarif Nezareti Izmir Tedrisat-i Ibtitfal^e^ At this t^m'-e/'-he camier into connection with the members of Ittibad and Terakki which was sec retly working. But, since in nature he was not expert on political tri cks, he was discharged by the organization before long» He returned to official post as Frenc teacher at `Vefa İdadisi` in 1908, which he re- signated in order to interest in politics and give himself in completely to literature. He published a play called `Çıkmaz Sokak` which depicts the crazy unusual relations between the womon= ît was published as se rial. Indircussion of the work, the claims that the play was encoura ging immoral behaviours resulted with his dismission by Maarif Nazırı Emrullah Efendi, a mejiiber of the organization. Perhaps, because of his anger to `Ittihad ye; Terakki Fırkası` which was in power that time, he attended `Fırka-i Ibad (Osmanlı Demokrat Fırkası)`. In 191Ö we see him as -jspokerman of this party in the press. In 1911, he once more returns to teaching and begin his job at `Istanbul Sultanisi`. But his enthusiastic nature, in the political at mosphere of the period, force him to write on politics new and then. During the last days of his life, rumours that, together with Prens Sabahaddin, he took part in the activities against `Ittihad ve Terakki shours that politics remained to be a source of sorrow in the writer's heart all along his life. At the beginning of 1914 he was appointed to Darülmuallimin, and finaly in 1914-15, at the opening of the first term, he was appointed to `Galatasaray Sultanisi`. During his teaching here, he went to Swit zerland with his wife îhsaf Rsi;. There at Davos Platz,a town in Swit zerland, in the first months of 1919 he died of Spanish grip. From 1904, When he first began Writing, until 1919, this works; trenslations and his own writings which number 19, were published. His other unpublished writings may easily incre are this number two times.205 From this writer, who was an example of Ahmed Mithat Efendi or Höse- yin Cahid Yalçın in productivity, there is -unf urtunately- hardly anything in the minds of today's reader» Because, he had never been the insistent follower of any ideoloji or any literary movement other than the idea of `beauty` which is a highly subjective matter in lite rature. With the pleasure appreciation of eclectib which emerges under the offects coming from realists symbolsts, he is an excellent repre- sentitive of Fecri Ati. And indeed this literary club was founded by the great efforts of Sahabeddin Süleyman, With the help of his excellent French, reading the pozitivist of his period -about which the members of Servet-i Fünun know a lit tle- tried to be the example of Alphonse Daudet, Hippolyte Taine and Emile Faguet in Turkish Literature. în his works especially on histo ry of literature esthetics, he choose Taine as his master and model» In his practical criticism, he used Taine's theary based on triology of `race`, `time` and `environment`. The source of `f atalisrae` in his works was those positivist writers not the ideas of `Cebriye Fırkası` in Islamic philosphy. In realiyt, Şahabeddin Süleyman was the man of a period which positivism completely took the Turkish writers and thinkers under its control. An another peculiarity of our writer's works is the imaginati on -reality conglict which generated from Edebiyat-ı Cedide- in his literary works the heros who tries to live the corrupted life of a distorted society against the others and who are always oppressed are lively characters. Thore heros, by being paralogical personalities who greedly run after `money` which they regard as the aim of life and `women`, but who leave them as soon as they find are, in a way, the visions of writer reflecting the fictive world. The opporition against II.AbdOlhamid which we see in his works must be regarded as the `hoby` of Intelligents of that perioll. Today when we look at his life, literary and intellectual ac tivities, we see those main lines.
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