Çok yıllık diploid çavdar (Secale montanum Guss.) bitkilerinden yapay tetraploidlerinin elde edilmesi ve bunların bazı sitolojik ve morfolojik özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması
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Abstract
This research was made to obtain artificial tetraploids ofdiploid perennial rye (S. mont anum GussJ plants by usingcolchicine and to compare them in terms of some cytologicaland agriculture-based morphological characteristics.2500 (5x500) seedlings with 2-3 mm. root length were selectedfrom the germinated seeds of diploid plants and colchicinetreatment of 0.1 % was applied for a period of threehours at 300 e. After the treatment,seedlings were transplantedto the grOl`th flats and the surviving seedlings wereplanted into the pots individually. Tetraploid plants weredetermined through microscobic investip.:ations and they HeregrOl`n in clones in order to compare them with their diploids.After the colchicine treatment, tetraploid plants `ere obtainedwith the rate of 0.32 9; and aneuploid and mixoploidplants with high level chimeric structures were observed.Itwas also found that diploid perennial rye plants have 2n`,14chromosomes and their tetraploids have 2n=28. In diploidplants meiosis (metaphase I, anaphase I and tetrad)divisionv/as generally regular where as in tetraploid plants,meioticdivision I,as found to be more irregular.It was observed that tetraploid plants grew more vigorouslythan their diploids and that the number of tillers decreasedwhile the size of leaves and the stoma length grew. Itwas also found that, through vigorous growth seen in tetraploids,spike structures grew bigger and the number of bothspiklets and flowers in spikes was comparatively greaterthan that of the diploids. Although seed set percent ratewas higher in diploids plants, 1000-grain weight and germinatiancapacity 11ere greater in tetraploid plants.
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