Kur`an`ın anlaşılmasında aklın rolü

Abstract

THE ROLE OF REASONING IIM THE UNDERSTANDING DF THE QUR'AN THESIS SUMMARY The fundamental source of Islam is The Qur'an and The Qur'an adresses only Man. Man possesses rational faculties and reason differentiates him from other creatures. Thus The Qur'an is to be reflected upon and be understood. The problem of `the utilization of rational faculties and the comprehensi on of The Qur'an` has been extensively discussed by Islamic sciences and scho lars. In this respect, Hz Muhammed, the most perfect model for the Moslems, has used His rational faculty concerning the matters that are not explained in The Qur'an and has made interpretations. In his interpretations he uas not always correct. Similarly His friends have also reflected on matters regarding the under standing of The Qur'an and various other subjects, interpreting The Quran. Among the friends of The Prophet, especially Hz Omer and Ion Mesud, gave prime impor tance to rational faculties. Hz Muhammed and His friends' method of reasoning has been adopted in later periods by religious interpreters like Ebu Hanife, Imam Malik and Imam Safii and Sects of Jurisprudence (fiqh) have been formed. Later in history, Islamic Theologians (kalam), have pondered on problems related to subjects of belief concerning The Qur'an. Theological Creeds like the Ash'aris, Maturidis and Mu'tazilah have taken different positions concerning the degree to which reason is employed in the understanding of a number of questions regarding faith, fate, actions, etc. The intellect is essentially a subject matter of philosophy. Islamic philo sophers, under the influence of ancient Greek philosophy have tried to solve problems regarding The Qur'anic interpretation by employing the methods of phi losophical reasoning. Al-Kindi, Al-Farabi, Avicenna and Averroes along uiith others have put forward valuable opinions and presented original solutions to theologi cal problems. All of these Islamic fields of scholarship have employed reasoning in app roaching the above problematic to a certain extent and have proposed methods of discursive reasoning. But each of these disciplines has dealt with a certain part of The Qur'anic domain: Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) more with verses concerning judgements (properties), Islamic theology (kalam) with matters of belief, andphilosophers with metaphysical subjects. The method of the Qur'anic interpreters cannot be considered as discursive. In this respect, a philosophical method of reasoning which can deal with the totality of the problems concerning the understanding of The Qur'an is well due.lt is necessary to bring together The Qur'an -which is to be understo od with intellectual faculties- and the human intellect within the framework of a new method. The first task, in this respect is to classify the subject matters of The Qur'an employing a multi-dimensional classification method facilitating it's self -disclosure to the reasoning intellect. This method can be based on a chro nological classification of Qur'anic verses with the utilization of computeri zed techniques. This method will shed light on the sociological development of the judge ments of The Qur'an, the principles set by the prophets mentioned in The Qur'an the characterictics and highlights of their messages and the common and diffe ring aspects of their principles, the relationship between the Qur'anic judge ments as brought by Hz Muhammed and social and cultural makeup of the community and various other important issues. In short, such an approach will create a favorable environment for the in tellect to put its faculties into use for grasping the full significance of Qur'anic judgements. Under `Chronological Computerized Classification of The Qur'an`, all Qur' anic verses have been stored in Computerized form with respect to their subject matters, prophets and chronological settings. Thus a query can be made regarding subject, the context of revelation and period whether Mecca or Medina. The Com puterized Classification of tThe Qur'an will be sent to related universty lib raries in a 2 72Dkb. floppy dist format, storing 1.400. ODD characters. Yükseköğretim Kur,`, Dokümantasyon Merkez)