Abstract
43 SUMMARY The subject of this work is `The Gymnasiums in Anatolia and the Gymnasium in Stratonikeia`. I wanted to search the historical and the architectural development of Greek Gymnasium in the first part of my work. Then, I wanted to search the plan of the Gymnasium at Stratonikeia with its architectural development. At the end I compared it with contemporerous Gymnasiums in Anatolia and gave it a date. The word of Gymnasium is derived from the greek word gymnos (yuu-voç), meaning `naked` because the Greeks stripped themselves completely during the games and training. Sport had an important role in the ancient Greek life. Therefore, it was necessary to reserve a field for the young where they could run, ride horses, box, wrestle, throw disks or play.ballgames. Gymnasium was a center not only for physical training but also for mind training. On the other hand, gymnasium should also be thought as a large field for sport, m short we may call gymnasium as a `school` for training and sports more than literary education. The most reliable descriptions on the plan of the Greek Gymnasium, the names of the rooms in the Paiaistra (Wrestling school) and the functions of all these was given best by Vitruvius in his de Architectura (V, XI). E. Fougeres divides the history of the Gymnasium into four periods which begins with Pre-archaic Period through to the end of Roman times. Gymnasium reached its standardized architectural plan in the 4th century B.C. This plan consists of a colonaded halls which encircles the rectangular courtyard. Various factors were considered to decide on the place in the Greek city where the Gymnasium should be built. Essentially gymnasium were constructed near proper religous area close to a water source and it needs a wide and fiat field. As a result of these various conditions, the gymnasiums are naturally placed at different part of the cities. We find also some Gymnasiums outside of the city walls. Stratonikeia was one of the important cities of the Caria and the ruins of her located in the village of Eskihisar, near Yatağan. The Gymnasium at44 Stratonikeia located in the north-west part of city, is a big structural complex measured approximately 180 x 105 m. and has a rectangular plan. Excavations up to day revealed only a part of building the on north side which includes a semi-circular exedra in the middle and two large rectangular rooms its each side. The walls of rectangular rooms was decorated with the half columns. These columns have corinthian capitals. The style of the acanthus - leaves on the capitals which are elaborately finished, may be compared with the capitals of the bouleuterion in Miletos which is dated 170-160 B.C. The Ionic kymations on the architraves are also close to this period. And by this comparison Uiq Gymnasium at Stratonikeia should also be dated to the first half of the second century B.C. Up to day various Gymnasiums from the Hellenistic period were unearthed in Asia Minor such as in Pergamon, m Priene, and in Milet. The Gymnasium at Stratonikeia is also a building which may be compared with the building mentioned above.
