Pestisitlerin mutajenik ve bazı özütleri ile kimyasal maddelerin antimutajenik etkilerinin salmonella-mikrozomal test sistemi ile araştırılması

Abstract

Ill ÖZET Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kaliforniya Üniversitesi' nden Dr. Bruce N. Ames tarafından geliştirilen Salmonella,. typhimurium-mikrozomal test sis temi ile aşağıda belirtilen konuları araştırmaktır. i) Yurdumuzda yaygın olarak kullanılan 23 pestisitin memeli mikrozo- mal enzimleri de (S9) kullanarak mutajenik etkileri araştırıldı, ii) Bitki özütleri, vitaminler ve bazı kimyasal maddelerin antimuta- jenik etkileri, standart mutajen-kanserojen kimyasallar ile bu çalışmada mutajenik olarak saptanan pestisitlere karşı denendi. Memeli mikrozomal enzimlerinin (S9) varlığında veya yokluğunda, Salmonella typhimurium TA100 ve TA98 test bakterileri kullanılarak Çaptan, Folpet, DDVP, Trifluralin, Actellic, Neo-pynamine, Azinphos Methyl, Piperonyl Butoxide, Malathion, Baygon, Azinphos Ethyl, PCNB, Bioresmethrin, Methomyl, Ethoprophos, Quinalphos, Dikotan, Dinoseb, Amitraz, Vinclozoline, Thimet, Sumithion, Propethomphos pestisitleri- nin mutajenik etkileri araştırıldı. S9'suz olarak Çaptan, Folpet ve DDVP'nin kuvvetli, Azinphos Methyl, Trifluralin ve Bioresmethrin '- in zayıf mutajenik etkileri olduğu belirlendi. S9 varlığında ise Azinphos Methyl, Trifluralin ve Bioresmethrin ' in mutajenik etkileri nin olmadığı, Çaptan, Folpet ve DDVP'nin mutajenik etkilerinin azal dığı saptandı. Ascorbic acid, Retinol, a -Tocopherol, riboflavin, Pyridoxamine, Pyridoxal Phosphate, Tiamin, Folic acid, Niacine, Biotin gibi vitamin lerin ve Glutathione, Cysteine gibi kimyasal maddelerin,IV 2-Aminofluoren (2-AF), Nitrosoguanidin (MNNG), Sodyum Azide (SA) ve Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) üzerindeki antimutajenik etkileri araştırıl dı. Ascorbic acid, Retinol, Glutathione ve Cysteine 'in antimutaje nik etkileri olduğu saptandı. Urtica, Lepidium, Spinacia, Nerium, Davus, Cistus, Fumaria, Allium, Portuluca, Xanthium, Crinum, Brassica, Humulus, Lonicera ve Vibernum gibi bitki özütlerinin 2-AF, MNNG, SA ve B(a)P üzerindeki antimutaje nik etkileri araştırıldı. Spinacia, Lepidium ve Urtica' nin antimu tajenik etkileri olduğu saptandı. Bu çalışmada antimutajenik olarak bulunan Ascorbic acid, Retinol, Glutathione, Cysteine, Lepidium, Urtica ve Spinacia 'nın S9 varlığın da pestisitlerin mutajenik etkilerini önemli ölçüde azalttıkları belirlendi.

SUMMARY The aim of this work was to investigate the following subjects, by Salmonella typhimurium-microsomal test system which has been developed by Dr. Bruce N.Ames from the University of California. 1) The mutagenic effect of 23 pesticides, which are widely used in our country have been searched by using mammalian-microsomal enzyme system (S9). 2) Antimutagenic effect of plant extracts, vitamins and some chemicals have been tested against the standard mutagen- carcinogen chemicals and pesticides which have been shown mutagenic effect in this work. The mutagenic effect of pesticides Çaptan, Folpet, DDVP, Trifluralin, Actellic, Neo-pynamine, Azinphos Methyl, Piperonyl Butoxide, Malathion, Baygon, Azinphos Ethyl, PCNB, Bioresmethrin, Methomyl, Ethoprophos, Quinalphos, Dikotan, Dinoseb, Amitraz, Vinclozoline, Thimet, Sumithion and Propethomphos were tested with Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 with and without mammalian-microsomal enzymes (S9). It has been determined that Çaptan, Folpet and DDVP have strong, Azinphos Methyl, Trifluralin and Bioresmethrin have weak mutagenic effects without S9. In the presence of S9, mutagenic activity of Çaptan, Folpet and DDVP was decreased and no mutagenic effect was seen for Azinphos Methyl, Trifluralin and Bioresmethrin.VI Vitamins such as Ascorbic acid, Retinol, a -Tocopherol, Riboflavin, Pyridoxamine, Pyridoxal Phosphate, Tiamin, Folic acid, Niacine, Biotin and chemicals like Glutathione and Cysteine were tested for their antimutagenic effect against the 2-Aminoflouren (2-AF), Nitro- soguanidin (MNNG), Sodyum Azide (SA) and Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P). It was shown that Ascorbic acid, Retinol, Glutathione and Cysteine have antimutagenic effect. The plant extracts of Urtica, Lepidium, Spinacia, Nerium, Davus, Cistus, Fumaria, Allium, Portuluca, Xantium, Crinum, Brassica, Humulus, Lonicera and Viburnum have searched whether they have antimutagenic effect against the 2-AF, MNNG, SA and B(a)P. It has been determined that Spinacia, Lepidium, and Urtica have had anti mutagenic effect. Ascorbic acid, Retinol, Glutathione, Cysteine, Lepidium, Urtica and Spinacia which their antimutagenic effect were observed in this work, have decreased the mutagenic effect of pesticides in the presence of S9.