PROFITABILITY OF INSURANCE COMPANIES BASED ON TYPE OF BUSINESS SUMMARY Nowadays, economic conditions in developing and developed countries improve the importance of service sector. When economic systems in developed countries are examined it is shown that the portion of production lines in the economy is decreasing whilst the portion of service lines is increasing. Insurance sector is one of the most dynamic lines in the service sector. In developed countries, the portion of insurance sector in the national economy is very important. As the other developing countries, insurance organisations are starting to have very important role in our country. While the need of insurance is increasing, the importance of insurance sector will be stressed with its technical and economic efficiency. Insurance, besides its duty to compensate the loss as a result of a claim, also prevents and distributes the problems and crisis in the society, supports the economy with their funds from collected premium, and has the duty to improve living standards. The main departments in the insurance companies are-*^'£L''e^>.. y-f, »V !(: t:.- «y departments, which are related to production that^ create' ''--S, funds and improve living standards. *fr^(/( i-`/.© ``*,fcw..The aim of this study is to define the calculations method of balance profitability of the insurance type of business it means to define the subjects of technical departments which duties is to create funds from their products. Profitability, basically, is calculated from the subtraction of expenses from revenues. The calculation of technical profit/loss is similar. But the amounts used in this calculation such as premium received, premium reserves, claim paid, claims reserves are based on accounting year, not policy period. Nevertheless the instalment period of the policy which for example is in November or December will be stopped in the next year. The other aspect, which is kept in view in the calculations of technical profit/loss, is the real expense of that type of business. Generally there are three main units in the insurance companies. They are production, support and distribution units. The production units in our country are operating in fire, marine, accident, agriculture, engineering, life and health type of businesses. For example in accident department accident policies, in fire department fire policies are issued. The operations such as underwriting or distribution of policy are controlled by respectively support and distribution departments. Supporting units are the units, which provide support for technical departments to produce policy. Data processing departments offer data processing facilities to techn^al», departments, internal service departments of fer /''off IceL ;/ equipment to them, and human resource departments) servitie x %,% to employees of company and so on. I^Vv^:. `' /4'P «The main purposes of the distribution system are to define the needed products and services and to offer these products and services to their customs and to offer the other services after issuing policy. As in all of the other companies, there are also operation costs and employees expenses in the insurance companies. But the aim of existence of support and distribution units is to increase the productivity and efficiency of technical departments and to support them to improve their productions. So the cost of the employees in support and distribution departments is indirectly the cost of production-technical departments. Another words if an employee in human resource departments spent a month to the new employee of accident department; the cost of this employee to do this work is the cost of accident department. To distribute the expense of support and distribution units among the production- technical departments, first of all, all departments except technical departments must define their services they offer during the whole year as percentage base. While each units are defining their services and supports which they provide for the other units, they must be careful on the operating and employee's expenses over the real time which they spend for that specified units and the statues of. employee who offer this services. For example the cost of service of a manager is different from the cost of service of a staff. These kinds of factors affect the distribution of service and indirectly- the distribution of costs. The summation of percentage.of services, which each unit provides for the others., /.mjJsjt be equal 100. Vf:`v ??``**.`''.#`In this work, the variables which show service percentages are taken as 3i,n=l,..,n to define the percentage of the service of nth department to ith department (n is the unit number), as Xi (i=l,...,n) to define total expense of each unit. In this situation the equation systems will be as following. The number of equation depends on the number of units. aı,ıXı+ aı,:x2+ aı,3x3+...+ aı,nxn=Aı âv,lXı+ 32,2X2+ 32,3X3+...+ a2,nXn=A2 an,ıXı+ an,2X2+ an,3X3+...+ an,Rxn=An Equation 1 The second equation is among ai,n variables. aı,ı+ 32,1+ 33,1+...+ 3n,l- 1 3i,2+ a2,2+ a3,2+...+ an,2=l 3i,n+ 32, n+ 33,n+...+ 3n,r - 1 Equstion 2 Since it is not possible for a depsrtment to provide service by itself, a-i#n will be 0 when i=n. It is necessary to collect the 3i,;.: belonging to the product departments on one side of Equation 2, to be able to find the vslues of Xi in the previous linesr equstion system shown by Equstion 1 : 34, 1+ 3r,i+ 3ç, 1 + 3?, l + 3g, i + aio,l + ais,l = 1 - 32, 1~33, i~... - 325, 1 34,2+ 3S,:+ 36,2+37, 2 + 39, : + 3io,2 + 3i3, 2 = 3l, 2 + 1~33, 2_... -325, 2 >?<&'`` -; ?'`.'' 3d, 25+ 3s, 25+ 36, Cö^St, 25+3q, 25+3io, 25 + 3ls, 25 = 3l, 25 - 32, 25-. ?'.. - '325, 25+ I ? : s Equstion 3* ?. ?;; / ^t,.- -M/.?The main purpose in these calculations is to add the general expenses of the other departments to the expenses of the technical departments. Also, the service that is provided inbetween the supporting departments have to taken into account because this reciprocal service is done indirectly for the technical departments. Except 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th and 18th lines in the linear equation system that was shown in Equation 1 (since these are assumed as the codes of technical departments), to find the Xi values (i=l,...,25), we get the following matrix.- -a, `ai.25 -an -ON,5 -a 3.1 -a32 ^3.25 Pi Pi Pis C B = C To find the value of matrix B, we will multiply the inverse of matrix $ with both sides of the equation. In this situation the equation becomes B - C *X 1 It was assumed that 4th. 5th. 6th, 7th. 9th, 10th and 18th codes are technical unit's codes - Lipschutz Seymour, Linear Cebir, trans. Sadık Dost, Istanbul: Güven Kitabevi Yayınları 1978 P 40 3 The aim of these calculations is to add the general expenses of the other department about the sendee they provide to technical department to the technical departments' expenses. When we calculate the B matrix, it means that we calculate the general expenses of the departments except technical departments. After these calculations, total amount will be distributed among technical departments according to their service percentages.If we put the values of Xi that is obtained from the matrix B in lines 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th and 18th of Equation 1, we will find the expenses done by the other departments for the technical departments. By adding these expenses to the expenses of the technical departments' expenses we will be able to find the real expenses of the technical type of businesses. There are two main groups in technical profit/loss calculations. Revenues cover premium received, commissions received, reinsurance portions in the claims, reserves, and expenses cover transferred premium, commission paid, claim, reserves and the other expenses. Insurance companies are printed reports quarterly and all of these amounts are shown within these reports. Premium received : Total premium which insurance companies collect the premiums by agents, producers, broker, direct line for their products. Commission received : Insurance companies transfer some portion of risk to reinsurer. Because of this transfer, they receive a commission from reinsurer over their transferred amounts. Reinsurers' share on claims paid: The agreement between reinsurer and insurer does not cover only sharing of risk and premium, also covers sharing of claim amount. When a risk is occurred, reinsurer pays its share in the claim with respect to risk it carries and premium it received. It is called as `reinsurers' share on claims paid`. «ifi': ':? ?If we put the values of Xi that is obtained from the matrix B in lines 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th and 18th of Equation 1, we will find the expenses done by the other departments for the technical departments. By adding these expenses to the expenses of the technical departments' expenses we will be able to find the real expenses of the technical type of businesses. There are two main groups in technical profit/loss calculations. Revenues cover premium received, commissions received, reinsurance portions in the claims, reserves, and expenses cover transferred premium, commission paid, claim, reserves and the other expenses. Insurance companies are printed reports quarterly and all of these amounts are shown within these reports. Premium received : Total premium which insurance companies collect the premiums by agents, producers, broker, direct line for their products. Commission received : Insurance companies transfer some portion of risk to reinsurer. Because of this transfer, they receive a commission from reinsurer over their transferred amounts. Reinsurers' share on claims paid: The agreement between reinsurer and insurer does not cover only sharing of risk and premium, also covers sharing of claim amount. When a risk is occurred, reinsurer pays its share in the claim with respect to risk it carries and premium it received. It is called as `reinsurers' share on claims paid`. «ifi': ':? ?
