Reis-ül Küttab ve Osmanlı Hariciye Nezareti`nin doğuşu

Abstract

The chief-scribe which is the subject of my reassertion thesis-or we can say reis efendi-had been working under the authority of cipher. The chief -scribe had been controlling and conducting the official secterial work and scribes. There had been some men who had in charged the same work in the Turk and moslem states. For example, in Uygur state `biti gçi`, in Ana tolia and Great Selçuklu state `tugrai`, `perVaneci`, `melikülküttâb`. The existence of' chief -scribe has been still a conf - licting point. ît had to exist at the period of the Conguerer (Fatih Sultan Mehmet) ; because in the Fatih code there have been ' detailed regulations about chief -scribe. However in that period it had been an important department and had been working under the authority of cipher. In the period the Süleymen the Magnificient the work of cipher increased- For that reason some of their responsibilities had been given to chief - scribe. So the importance of chief -scribe had increased. Inf act their importance had increased in the seventeeth century. It has four important reasons. 1. The differentat ion between the offices of imperial Divan. 2. The existance of new balances in the rulling class. The scribal service became important while military and relig ious establishments were loosing their importance. 3. The central of government were more moved to Sublime - Porte from palace., 4. The changes of the foreign policy of Othoman Empire.251 After the military defeats, the Empire couldn't follow the uni lateral diplomacy and then entered the period of conventions and interviews. In cönsecjunce of the developments that had happened since the seventeeth century, the conduction of the diplomacy took part in the field of reis-ül-küttab's responsi bility. The chief - scribes were generally selected amongs the Türk and moslem origins. Sometimes they were selected amongs the emperers slaves. For that re'sson they had risky lives. They might be put on dead or they might be sent to exile and their property might be expropriated. But sometimes some of them had become grand vezire. At first it was all about Beylik, Tahvil, Ruus sections, and then when function of the chief -scribe become larger new sections such as Receiver and Corresponding Sections were add ed to the institution. Selim III performed some reforms in the offices of chief -scribe, established `vSections for Important Affairs` and also permanent embassies were opened abroad, by Selim III» n the consequence of Mahmut II' s policy of centrelazation and giving all- the authorities to sultans, the office of the chief -scribe was changed to Ministery of Foreing Affairs in 1836.