Elmada bazı fizyolojik bozuklukların önceden saptanabilirliği

Abstract

-59- ÖZİSE Bu calışma Uşak ve çevresindeki bahçelerden 1986 yı lında alınmış Starking Delicious elma örneklerine yapılmış tır, bu bölgenin toprak ve iklim koşulları daha önceden bil dirilmiştir (6), Bu sonuçlar bölgede bazı yıllarda önemli bir acı benek tehlikesini ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma acı benek ve kabuk yanığı gibi fizyolojik bozuklukların önceden tahmi ni amacıyla yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre meyve özellikleri bahçele re göre önemli farklılıklar göstermiştir. Ancak acı benek ve kabuk yanığı bu yılın meyvelerinde çok küçük ölçüde orta ya çıktığından, bununla ilgili sonuçlar yeterince sağlıklı olmamıştır. Meyvelerin hasat kriterleri olan zemin rengi, nişasta değeri olgunlaştırma ve depolama ile önemli ölçüde değişmiş tir. Ancak yalnızca zemin rengi depolama sonrası değeri tah mininden önemli bulunmuştur. Toplam suda erir kuru madde miktarı ve meyve eti sert liği değerleri olgunlaştırma ve depolamada önemli boyutlarda değişmiştir. Ancak et sertliği değerleri depolama sonrasında küçük varyebilite gösterdiğinden hasat öncesi veya olgunlaş tırma sonrası değerlerle depo sonrasını tahmin etmek için kullanışlı değildir. Toplam suda erir kuru madde miktarı ise bu bakımdan kullanışlı bulunmuşlardır. Buna göre özellikle olgunlaştırma sonrası suda erir kuru madde miktarına baka rak depolama sonrası değeri bulmak mümkündür.-60- Meyve kalitesinin ölçüsü olarak üst renk hasadan ge cikmesiyle ilerlemiştir. SUMMARY This study has been conducted on Starking Delicious apple fruits collected from the orchards in and around U- şak in 1986. The soil and climatic conditions of the region have been presented in a previous paper (6). These result have shown that bitter pit is an important problem of the region especially in some years. Therfore, this study was planned in order to make a pre- estimation of the physiolo gical disorders like bitter pit and apple scald. According to the results, the orchards were found to be significantly different from each other with respect to fruit characteristics. However, in the year of investigation, the range of the bitter pit and scald problem was not so great, therefore, the results related to the problem are not accepted as fully trustworthy. The ground colour and starch test values were found to vary significantly with the ripening and cold-storage procedures. However, only the ground colour was found as more significant than the estimated value of the stored samples. The TSS contents and values of flesh firmness were changed a great deal with ripening and cold storage. However, because the fruit firmness values of the cold stored samples showed variations, it was not possible to estimate

-60- Meyve kalitesinin ölçüsü olarak üst renk hasadan ge cikmesiyle ilerlemiştir. SUMMARY This study has been conducted on Starking Delicious apple fruits collected from the orchards in and around U- şak in 1986. The soil and climatic conditions of the region have been presented in a previous paper (6). These result have shown that bitter pit is an important problem of the region especially in some years. Therfore, this study was planned in order to make a pre- estimation of the physiolo gical disorders like bitter pit and apple scald. According to the results, the orchards were found to be significantly different from each other with respect to fruit characteristics. However, in the year of investigation, the range of the bitter pit and scald problem was not so great, therefore, the results related to the problem are not accepted as fully trustworthy. The ground colour and starch test values were found to vary significantly with the ripening and cold-storage procedures. However, only the ground colour was found as more significant than the estimated value of the stored samples. The TSS contents and values of flesh firmness were changed a great deal with ripening and cold storage. However, because the fruit firmness values of the cold stored samples showed variations, it was not possible to estimate-61- after storage values by using pre-harvest or post-ripening values. Prom this point of view, the TSS values were found as useful. Thus, it was possible to estimate the content after a cold-storage period from the TSS content of the ripened samples. The red colouration, an index of fruit quality was found to advace by the delay of harvest.