Abstract
- 3D5 - SUMMARY People lived in tree trunks and caves before having a settled life. They began to build houses after learning cultivation. House architecture from this period up to now has had different phases. According to the excavations, it is understood that the first settlement in Anatolia went as far as B.C. 7000: When the Turks entered Anatolia in lltn century, they made use of the examples of civil archi tecture. In time, characteristic Turkish houses were begun to be built in Anatolia. Houses that of before 17tn century has not been able to be present now. The houses expanding towards out of the Turkish places in 18tl:i and 19tn centuries began to lose their characteristics after the beginning of 20tn century. It is possible to see examples of the tradi tional Turkish house nearly everywhere. Many Turkish houses are also present in Tire. Tire was established in the north feet of the Güme Mountain and in the river-basin of Küçük Menderes, in the Aegean Region. It is surrounded by Bayındır in the north, Aydın in the south, Ödemiş in the east, Seljuk and Kuşadasi in the west. It was under the domination of Hittites, Phrygians, Lydians, Persians, Romans, Seljukians, Aydmoğulları principality and Ottoman states during the history. It has been one of the most important places of Anatolia in the history. Most of the Tire houses were built on inclined areas. Small channels called' as -Albanian pavement which make rainwater flow in the middle of narrow streets are present. Streets, which were floored originally with small stones and have been asphalted newly, are surrounded by courtyard walls. There are less houses without courtyard or garden. Building Û: materials of the houses in Tire are fracture stones and bricks. These materials were mostly used in mainstays and ground floors. Upper floors, except some walls of them, were built with lath- and-plaster and timber carcassa techniques.- 3G6 - Most of the houses in the environs, have two storeys. There are also examples of single, two, three and four-storeyed houses. Some of the houses have mezzanine floors. Tods of the houses were tiled with corrugated terracota tiles. and were built with inclined roofs. Mostlv, sable iuts out of the facades of the houses. Some houses have no gable. Instead of it, there is a frieze which is graduated in bands. Walls of the ground floor hardly have windows in the traditional Turkish houses in Tire. There are protrusions on the second floor. However, houses so-called Levanten are seen in Tire. Their facades are more glorious than those of the Turkish houses. Ground floor of the houses are used as pantry, barri and so on. Upper floors are the living places. Some plan types as common sofa, interior and exterior sofa fere used in Tire houses. These form groups in themselves: Plan type of common sofa : a- common so fa- two-storeyed b- common so fa- three-storeyed c- common sofa-four-storeyed Plan type of exterior sofa : a- exterior sofa-two-storeyed b- exterior sof a-three-storeyed c- exterior sofa-four-storeyed d- exterior sofa-many-roomed e- exterior sofa-ones with eyvans f- exterior sofa-ones with', `köşk` and eyvans g- exterior sofa-ones with two part The two and three- s to rey e d in the exterior sofa and the ones with two faces in the inferior sofas were much preferred. There are cupboards, bathrooms and fireplaces in the rooms. Some of the rooms are divided into: two kinds: sekialti flower level floor) and sekiüstü (raised floor). Main rooms can be seen in a few house. Doors were made accordine to their importance degree. One of the- most interesting elements of the houses is the upper light and it is seen in some of the houses in Tire. Some Tire houses are ornamented and some are not. Exterior ornaments- 307 - are seen on the facades and interior ornaments on the ceilings, doors, fireplaces and cupboards. Generally, except a few example, there is no inscription in Tire houses. Tire houses resemble to those in West Anatolia Region from the point of architecture and ornament. Tire houses have no special characteristics, but many examples of old houses were not broken down and they are still standing. So, Tire houses have an important place among the Turkish houses. We believe that these houses must be protected because if they are protected, they will make past live in the future.
