İşgücünün serbest dolaşımı ve Türkiye uygulaması

Abstract

SUMMARY International labor force circulation creates various effects on the economies of both countries those which de mand lahor and those which supply lahor in respect to eco nomically, sacially» and politically» During the post second World War period efforts to rea lize reconstruction and a rapid development employing for eign lahor required for sunc a development have exposed to view most important migration in the 20th century'. So at the end of 1950, mediterranean countries which have impor tan t unemployment problems and can not solve the develop - ment problem began to send their workers to West European Countries. As a result of this labor force migration mar - ked social, economical, and political changes were observed In the case of free labor force circulation, Turkish workers would have the same status quo as the other commu nity workers, name^ they would look for a job freely thro ughout the EEC countries and benefit from the whole social rights which given 'to domestic workers.The effects of turkish labor force circulation on the external and internal balance of the Turkish economy can be summarized as follows: Labor force circulation has in creased the general level of prices, reduced the oppres - sion of unemployment, and increased the capital concen - tration with respect to internal balance by certain periods Also to establish the external balance, workers Remittances have afforded positive effects; so that the current accounte deficit was completely coveret by means of these remittance ces. While the tendency of our workers to use Turkish domes tic goods creates affirmative changes on Turkey* s export, the demand of import goods among the workers who back mig rated to motherland also created an increase in Turkey's import. On the other hand cultural and social contacts with the foreign countries were increased. And consequently for Turkey which wishes to be a fullmember within the EEC, nu merous social problems such as reciprocal private relation ships between the Turkish workers and citizens in other EEC countries, adaptation ©f Turkish workers, combination of families, foreign language problem and education of chiH etc, have appeared by social and political integration with the community. Although the migration of workers expanded to Turkey too late, after wards Turkey*: exports of manpower to meet demands of West European Countries have increased conside rably. According to the calculation made in 1987 the number3 of workers who went abroad exceeded 2165104 This number would rise to 2600000 in terms of household. It should be assumend naturally that as much as manpower flow would have many effect,? on our economy. Moreover due to different soci al structure, traditions, culture and work conditions in these countries, Turkish workers who went abroad faced im portant problems in their both private and professionally lives» Despite West European countries lowered their demand for foreign labor force since 1973 it is still of limited importance there are also certain developments in the ex ports of manpower from Turkey to other countries since 1980, the countries those which demand foreign labor force due to negative effects on their economies had to take so me certain measures to encourage and compel back migration of foreign workers to their countries. On the other hand despite the free circulation of Turkish labaforce within the community borders was introduced in bilateral agree - ments and contracts between EEC and Turkey this regulation has not been promulgated hitherto.