Türkiye`de küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmelerin istihdama etkisi

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study is prepared to bring up the Turkish small and medium- sized businesses general situation and to determine their characteristics and qualities. The study consist of four chapters. In the first chapter, general concept such as the definition of small and medium-sized businesses, the historical development, types, characteristics; reasons and purposes of them are given. The definition of small and medium-sized businesses changes depending on the country's economic structure and development level. Although the importance of there businesses is realized during 1970s, it had been difficult to put them in a particular framework. Though there are many definition of smal and medium-sized businesses, in recent years the studies about these businesses are depended on the classification of OECD. In the classification of OECD, the businesses where 20 laborers works are defined as small businesses and where 20-99 laborers works are defined as medium-sized businesses. The purposes of these businesses are to make profit, to give service to the public, and to survive in the laug-run. Besides these general purposes, there are specific purposes of these businesses such as to render quality products and services, to give a good salary to the laborers, to serve to the public and goverment and to employ some number of laborer. In the second chapter, the historical development of Turkish smal and medium-sized businesses, their place in the Turkish economy, their effect for the development of Turkey and their place in the development plans are investigated. The history of the Turkish small and medium- sized businesses goes back to thirteen century KOSGEB-TheOrganization for the Development and Support Small and Medium Sized Businesses is giving managerial support to these businesses. Also, the place of small and medium-sized businesses is given in detail in the second chapter. When we consider the 15 years development of these businesses between 1970 and 1985, the number of small businesses increased by 9.8% and the laborers employed in small businesses increased by 40%. During this period, the number of medium- sized businesses increased by 58.5% and the employment rate increased by 78.9%. When two group of businesses is taken together, the number of them increased by 10.4%, the number of the laborers working in these businesses increased by 54.1%. In the third chapter, the role of Turkish small and medium-sized businesses in employment, the employment situation according to their size, the wages and salaries, and the productivity of the labor are studied. Two-third of the laborers working in these businesses are employed in the textile clothing, food and metal industry. The size of the businesses in increasing more rapidly when the business becomes to a large company in the textile clothing and food industry. Also, the proportional value- added share of the these industries changes when the share of the textile and clothing industry is decreasing, the share of the food industry is increasing. The value-added share of the food industry among the total is 13.4% in small businesses and is 27.7% in large businesses.

ABSTRACT This study is prepared to bring up the Turkish small and medium- sized businesses general situation and to determine their characteristics and qualities. The study consist of four chapters. In the first chapter, general concept such as the definition of small and medium-sized businesses, the historical development, types, characteristics; reasons and purposes of them are given. The definition of small and medium-sized businesses changes depending on the country's economic structure and development level. Although the importance of there businesses is realized during 1970s, it had been difficult to put them in a particular framework. Though there are many definition of smal and medium-sized businesses, in recent years the studies about these businesses are depended on the classification of OECD. In the classification of OECD, the businesses where 20 laborers works are defined as small businesses and where 20-99 laborers works are defined as medium-sized businesses. The purposes of these businesses are to make profit, to give service to the public, and to survive in the laug-run. Besides these general purposes, there are specific purposes of these businesses such as to render quality products and services, to give a good salary to the laborers, to serve to the public and goverment and to employ some number of laborer. In the second chapter, the historical development of Turkish smal and medium-sized businesses, their place in the Turkish economy, their effect for the development of Turkey and their place in the development plans are investigated. The history of the Turkish small and medium- sized businesses goes back to thirteen century KOSGEB-TheOrganization for the Development and Support Small and Medium Sized Businesses is giving managerial support to these businesses. Also, the place of small and medium-sized businesses is given in detail in the second chapter. When we consider the 15 years development of these businesses between 1970 and 1985, the number of small businesses increased by 9.8% and the laborers employed in small businesses increased by 40%. During this period, the number of medium- sized businesses increased by 58.5% and the employment rate increased by 78.9%. When two group of businesses is taken together, the number of them increased by 10.4%, the number of the laborers working in these businesses increased by 54.1%. In the third chapter, the role of Turkish small and medium-sized businesses in employment, the employment situation according to their size, the wages and salaries, and the productivity of the labor are studied. Two-third of the laborers working in these businesses are employed in the textile clothing, food and metal industry. The size of the businesses in increasing more rapidly when the business becomes to a large company in the textile clothing and food industry. Also, the proportional value- added share of the these industries changes when the share of the textile and clothing industry is decreasing, the share of the food industry is increasing. The value-added share of the food industry among the total is 13.4% in small businesses and is 27.7% in large businesses.