Tek hacimli otomobillerin tasarımı üzerine bir inceleme

Abstract

ÖZET TEK HACİMLİ OTOMOBİLLERİN TASARIMI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME Bu çalışmanın amacı, yüzyılın son on yılında süratle yaygınlaşmaya başlayan bir otomobil türü olan 'Tek Hacimli' otomobillerin incelenmesidir. Bu otomobil türünün incelenebilmesi için, önce otomobilin geçmişteki örnekleri ve diğer türlerinin incelenmesi gerekli idi. Öncelikle 19. yy daki ilk örnekler incelenerek bunların otomobil fikrini nasıl etkiledikleri ortaya çıkarıldı. Daha sonra, seri üretim ile başlayan yeni sürecin otomobilin gelişimi üzerinde ne tür etkileri olduğunu anlayabilmek için, teknolojik ilerlemeler incelendi. Otomobil estetiğinin oluşumu incelenirken, bu olguya etki eden unsurlar beş alt başlıkta değerlendirildi. Otomobilin işlevi, üretim yöntemleri ve teknolojik ilerlemeler, popüler akımlar, standartlar, firma kimliği. Ardından 20. yy boyunca uygulanan tasarım yaklaşımları ve bunların, dönemlerinin diğer ürünleri ile olan ilişkisi ele alındı.Son on yılda gelişen bir otomobil karoser türü olan tek hacimli otomobiller incelenirken, bu kavramı oluşturan öğeler araştırıldı. Gelişim süreçleri, satış performansları, geçmişteki ve günümüzdeki örneklen değerlendirildi ve firmaların bu kavrama bakış açıları araştırıldı. Son bölümde, tek hacimli otomobillerin diğer otomobil türleri ile olan karşılaştırması ve bunun sonucuna yer verilmektedir. VI

SUMMARY A hundred years ago, circa 1890, the ancestors of today's modern automobiles started to be seen on the roads. In hundred years, the vehicle called automobile, caused some conclusions that its creators could never imagine at the very beginning. Not only it had changed the 20th century and the history of human being, but also, caused severe changes in some basic concepts. Cities' structural formations changed radically and its citadins' way of life dramatically varied. The ability to move and to reach to far points, augmented several times according to the past century. After a hundred years since the first ones hit the road, the automobile's basic definition, which was to enable people to move faster between two points, changed also. Most of the automobile types available on use today are continuing their existence since the very beginning of the century. The request for these types is always present but their growing rate is no more accelerating. VIIThere are also some of these types, existing for a hundred years, which are even losing theire demand, against some new types which emerged in the last fifteen years. The reason to prepare this study is to observe a new class so called MPV (multi purpose vehicle) class, which performed a distinguishing and continous augmentation in the past ten years sales figures. It is also the need to compare this MPV class with the conventional passenger cars, by examinig their differences and resemblences, and also fixing their superiority on each other. To identify the body of a car in the automobile terminology, it is evident to speak about the number of 'volume' that the car possedes. One, two or three volume vehicles are avaşlable. The logic of this identification is, regarding the profile line of the vehicle, the perception of a scheme consisting of one, two, or three boxes which represent the engine, the passenger and the luggage compartments. Generally in Europe, MPV's are also known as monovolume cars due to the shape of thr first example ever built. VIIIIn the section one of this study, the birth and evolution of the first automobiles, and also the technological advances of the century, are studied. In the section two, the body of the car is examined. The beginning of the body design, the elements which are effective in the design process, the changes in body design during the century and the comparison of body design styles with the contemporary industrial product design styles is held. The section three is on the main subject of this study which is the MPV's. In this section, topics like, the concept of MPV, some statistical information, first examples of the concept in the past, the introduction of the first modern model, the comparison of the existing MPV's with passenger cars and finally, the specifications of some MPV's due to production in the near future afe held. In the conclusion, the positive and negative characteristic specifications of MPV's and some provings on their future and their design is reflected. IX