Abstract
SUMMARY THE PROPOSTION OF THE CABS OF TRACTORS IN DESIGN AND ERGONOMICS The purpose of this study is to present the ergonomics proposition of the cabs in agricultural machines. They are summarized as fllows : 1- Ergonomics, as it is generally called in Europe, or Human Factors Engineering, as it is called in the United States becomes more and more important in an application all over the world; since labor reserch and collecting data from industry and off ice work on ergonomics makes it a very usefull tool in mon-machine systems. It is also important ti determine teaching terms and lecture hours of ergonomics in University Curriculs. Mechanical, etc. Measuring and valuation methods that are used for assessing both the effective factors and their influence degrees in dynamic- static work and stress of human were inspected. 2- Mechanization contributes a great deal to the qualty and quantily of agricultural production and is growing rapidly as technology devlops ergonomics, a science which aims at maintaining harmony between man and machine in all systems of production, helps this development in mechanization to be stable and balanced. During the process of production, effecincy and health of the people are negatively affected by vibration. Parallel to the rapid developments in technology this problem is gaining significance in agricultural mechanization too, as in other fields of production. VIVibration is the most important ergonomic factor that reduces the productivity of tractors which are the main elements of agricultural mechanization. Since tractors are increasingly used for longer periods of time than before the design of the tractor seats should be improved, so that harmful effects of using a tractor will be reduced and the effeciency of tractor driver will be improved. 3. The climatic factors such as temperature, humidity, air flow and radiation were examined and their effect to the human life in agricultural production. It is determined that, the human working performance has decreased because of the high temperature, high humidity and low air flow vaules, and the working efficiency wold increase with suitable climatic conditions. 4.The noise characteristics of agricultural tractors and their effects on the hearing of drivers were investigated. For this purpose, the tractor noise pressure levels and the hearing abilities of 17 drivers working in the same agricultural farm were determtfid. The relationships between the noise and hearing abilities were analysed by the statistical methods the noise has generally effected the hearing ability in all frequencies, and the maximum hearing losses were found in 4.0 KHZ region, the overage hearing loss was 12.60 dB, and this valve was approximately equal in all ages. 5.Agricultural chemicals protect the crops from pests and diseases and they cause great damages on human beings and their environment. The toxicite of the pesticides on humans has adirect and indirect effect. The agricultural chemicals cause acuts and chronic poisoning on human beings. Although the organophosphorus carbomates, pyrethroides cause acute toxicite, the organochlorine insecticides cause chronic toxicite. 6.The protective cabs are used to protect drivers of tractors by minimizing the likelihood of driver injury resulting from accidental overturning during normal operations. VIIAgricultural mechanization safety problems of the Çukurova Region have been investigated by questionnaire considering equal distribution of establishment and olso farms which have a tractor or a farm machinery. This study has been conducted in 145 villages which take about 25 percent of the region area 655 agricultural mechanization accidents have been reported in 635 farms of these villages. 7. In the production, productivity is the criterion of how efficient the existing resources are used. Due to scarcity of the sources, the techniques, manpower, machinery and similar production factors have to be used within optimum measures and must be organized in such away that they could be handled with more pains and balance. 8. For the analysis and evaluation of the production of the cabs of agricultural machines examples have been given. Most accidents were caused by dirty and wet steps, when approaching the first step to mount or by slipping, jumping and getting caught when dismounting. Significant results enabled ergonomic and saf design features such as dimensions and positions of steps, hand rails, doors and controls to be specified. VIII
