İkınci Dünya Savaşı`na kadar Türk boğazlarının statüsü

Abstract

istanbul'un, 1453 yihnda fethedilmesiyle Bogazlann hakimiyeti OsmanliDevleti'nin eline gecti. Osmanli Devleti'nin tek tarafh iradesiyle yaptigrkapitulasyon antlasmalan dismda Bogazlann butun devletlerin gemilerine kapahhgiilkesi 1841 Londra Bogazlar Sozlesmesi'ne kadar devam etti. 1841 Londra BogazlarSozlesmesi'yle ` Bogazlann tabi olacagi rejim cok tarafh bir duruma getirildi.`1841 Londra Bogazlar Sozlesmesi'yle kabul edilen Turk Bogazlann bans zamanmdabutun devletlerin ticaret gemilerine acik, savas gemilerine kapah olma ilkesi I'inciDunya Savasi'ria kadar devam etti.Osmanh Devleti'nin Ittifak Devletleri yanmda I'inci Dunya Savasi'nakatilmasiyla 1841 Londra Bogazlar Sozlesmesi ortadan kalkrms oldu I'inci DunyaSavasi'ndan yenilerek cikan Osmanh Devleti ile Itilaf Devletleri arasmda 30 Ekim1918 I tarihinde Mondros Ateskes Antlasmasi imzalandi16 Mart 1920'de istanbul 'u isgal altma alan Itilaf Devletleri MondrosAteskes Antlasmasr'yla Bogazlarda olusturduklan fiili durumu surekli ve hukuki birsekle sokabilmek icin 10 Agustos 1920'de istanbul Hukumeti'yle Sevr Antlasmasi'rnimzaladilar. ltilaf Devletlerinin Sevr Antlasmasi'yla getirmek istedikleri sisteme,Turk Halki, Turk Kurtulus Savasi ile cevap verdi ve Sevr Antlasmasi'mn yerine 24Temmuz 1923 tarihli Lozan Bans Antlasmasi'rn imzaladi. Turkiye'nin, Bogazlaruzerindeki egemenlik haklanru simrlayan Lozan Bogazlar Sozlesmesi ancak 13 y11uygulanabilmistir, Dtmyada meydana gelen bansi tehdit eden gelismeler, Turkiye'yihakh olarak Lozan Bogazlar Sozlesmesi'ni degistirmeye sevk etti ve Turkiye'ningirisimleriyle 20 Temmuz 1936 tarihinde Lozan Antlasmasi'rn imzalayan SovyetRusya, Ingiltere, Fransa, Yugoslavya, Romanya, Bulgaristan, Yunanistan, Japonyave Turkiye arasmda Montreux Bogazlar Sozlesmesi imzalandi.Turk Bogazlannm, bugunku hukuki rejimini duzenleyen Montreux BogazlarSozlesmesi yururluge girdigi 9 Kasun 1936 tarihinden gunumuze kadar Turkiyeningozetiminde yururlukte kalabilmistir.

The Otoman Empire took the control of the straits upon the conguest of Iston 1453. After a short time, The Ottomon Empire took the over control of the shoresof pensaged The Ottomon Empire took the control of the straits upon the conquest ofist in Blacksea in 1484 and Blacksea was regarded as an interior sea of OttomanEmpire.Except the capitulations that Otoman Empire signed without its own will, theprinciple that the Bosphrous would be closed to the all nations continued until 1841London Straits Treaty.With the London Straits Treaty.signed at the end of theconference on 1841 the straits would be directed collectively. The decision, aceeptedby London Straits Treaty on 1841, to open the Turkish straits to all trade ships andclose to all war ships, was applied until World War 1.The London Straits Treaty signed on 1841 became invalid when theOttoman Empire joined the World War 1 with the alliance countries. Mondros CeaseTreaty Was signed on 30.10.1918 between the Ottoman Empire and the Ally nations.The Ally nations, which had the control of Ist on 16.03.1920, signed theSevres Treaty with istanbul goverment in order to aput into order the decisions madein Mondros Treaty. About the straits.The answer of Turkish to the Sevres Treaty wasthe Indepence war and the Lausanne Peace Treaty., signed on 24.07.1923, replacedwith of Sevres which had never the chance to be valid. Lausanne Peace Treaty,which emphasized the independence rights of Turks on straits, was valid just for 13years. The events which threatened the peace in world let the Turkey change theLausanne Straits Treaty and with the attempts of Turkey, Montreux was signed on20.07.1936 between Turkey and Russia, England, France, Bulgaria, Greece, Japan,Yugoslavia and Romania.Montreux Straits Treaty that arranged todays legal regime of TurkishSraits, has been valid under the Turkish control from the date on 09.11.1936 totoday.11