Deneysel olarak, deri yoluyla pentaklorofenol (PCP) uygulanan ratların, doku ve idrarlarında, kalıntı düzeylerinin gaz kromatografi yöntemiyle araştırılması

Abstract

61 7. SUMMARY Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a general biocide used throughout the world. It has antimicrobial, fungicidal, insecticidal, herbicidal and molluscicidal properties. Nowadays PCP and its salt (mostly NaPCP) are mainly applied in wood preservation, followed by textile and leather preservation. Because of its numerous and different applications PCP has become widely distributed in ecosystems including the nearer living space of man. Its toxicity is due to interference with oxidative phosphorylation. Acute and chronic poisoning may occur by dermal absorption, inhalation or ingestion. The clinical features of acute and chronic PCP poisoning can be classified systematically into effects on the skin, metabolism (fever), the haematopoietic tissue, the respiratory system, the central and peripheral nervous system, the kidney and the gastrointestinal tract. Its also highly fetotoxic and embryotoxic. In this investigation was purposed beside for developing a method that routinly to be mode PCP analysis by GC/ECD, to determine the lowest levels of PCP that can be absorbed through the skin in rats and to measure PCP residues in the serum of the household cats and dogs which possible exposed to the contaminated furniture. In the study, it was developed a method that was ratherly practical, reliable and economical which was mainly based upon the processes of the hydrolysis and the extraction of the samples by the acid and by the n-hexan respectively. The pomades which prepared at the levels 1, 3, 5, 50, 100 and 200 ppm NaPCP/axonge (1.25, 3.75, 6.25, 62.5, 125 and 250 ugNaPCP/kg/bw) was treated as a single dose by dermal to the Wistar Albino rats. The urinary excretion of PCP was detected at the 50 ppm and the upper doses. The excretion was begun to detected in the collected urine at 12-24 hr, and at the 24-36 hr it was increased the highest levels as 107, 175 and 730 ng/0.5 d for 50, 100 and 200 ppm respectively. The experimental animals was'autopsied at the 7 th day of the treatment and than the internal organs or tissues (liver, kidneys, muscle tissue, brain and serum) was analyzed. PCP residues were found in the muscle, liver and kidneys only for 5, 50 and 200 ppm and upper doses applications.respectively. It was seen that there were no correlations between detected residue levels and the treatment doses and tissues. The highest residue in the urinary of rats that were59 6. ÖZET Pentaklorofenol (PCP) dünya çapında kullanılan genel bir biyosit ajandır. Antimikrobiyel, fiıngisit, insektisit, herbisit ve molluskisit etkilere sahiptir. PCP ve tuzlu türevleri (çağunlukla NaPCP) günümüzde, başlıca ağaç koruyucu ve daha az oranlarda deri ve tekstil koruyucu olarak uygulanmaktadır. PCP farklı amaçlarla çok çeşitli uygulama alanlarına sahip olması nedeniyle, insanların yaşadıkları yerlerdeki ekosist emlerde geniş bir şekilde dağılmaktadır. PCP, oksidatif fosforilasyonu bozarak toksisitesini gösterir. Akut ve kronik zehirlenme, PCP'nin ağız, solunum ve deriden absorpsiyonu ile olabilmektedir. Akut ve kronik PCP zehirlenmesinin klinik bulguları, sistematik olarak deri, metabolizma, hemapoetik dokular, böbrekler ve gastrointestinal sistem üzerine etkiler şeklinde sınıflandırılabilir. PCP ayrıca oldukça yüksek embriyotoksik ve fetotoksik etkiye sahiptir. Araştırmamızda, PCP analizlerinin GC/ECD ile rutin olarak yapılabileceği bir yöntemin geliştirilmesinin yanısıra, PCP'nin deney hayvanlarında deri yoluyla emilebilen en düşük düzeylerinin saptanması ve ayrıca mobilyalardan maruz kalma olasılığı olan evde bakılan kedi ve köpeklerin serumlarında PCP kalıntılarının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmamızda, numunelerin, asitle hidroliz ve n-hexan ile ekstraksiyon işlemleri esasına dayanan oldukça pratik, güvenilir ve ekonomik olan bir yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Wistar Albino ratlanna, domuz yağıyla hazırlanan, sırasıyla 1, 3, 5, 50, 100 ve 200 ppm PCP içeren pomatlar (1.25, 3.75, 6.25, 62.5, 125 ve 250 ugNaPCP/kg/ca) deri yoluyla bir kez uygulanmıştır. PCP'nin idrarla atılımları 50 ppm ve daha yüksek doz uygulamalarında elde edilmiştir. Atılım, 12-24 saatlerde toplanan idrarda elde edilmeye başlanıp, 24-36 saatlerde 50, 100 ve 200 ppm için sırasıyla 107, 175 ve 730 ng/0.5 gün olmak üzere en yüksek düzeye ulaşmıştır. Deney hayvanları 7. günde otopsiye alınarak doku- ve organlarında kalıntı düzeylerine bakılmıştır. Kas dokuda 5 ppm ve daha yukarı, karaöiğerde 50 ppm ve daha yukarı ve böbreklerde 200 ppm doz uygulamalarında PCP kalıntısı saptanmıştır. Saptanan kalıntı düzeyleri ile uygulama dozları ve dokular arasında Jinemli bir korelasyon olmadığı görülmüştür. 12 ppm PCP içeren işlenmiş deri örneğinin sırt bölgesine sarılarak 7 gün boyunca teması sağlanan ratlann, idrarlarında en yüksek

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a general biocide used throughout the world. it has antimicrobial, fungicidal, insecticidal, herbicidal and molluscicidal properties. Nowadays PCP and its salt (mostly NaPCP) are mainly applied in wood preservation, followed by textile and leather preservation. Because of its numerous and different applications PCP has become widely distributed in ecosystems including the nearer living space of man. its toxicity is due to interference with oxidative phosphorylation. Acute and chronic poisoning may occur by dermal absorption, inhalation ör ingestion. The clinical features of acute and chronic PCP poisoning can be classified systematically into effects on the skin, metabolism (feveı), the haematopoietic tissue, the respiratory system, the central and peripheral nervou.s system, the kidney and the gastrointestinal tract. its also highly fetotoxic and embryotoxic. in this investigation was purposed beside for developing a method that routinly to be mode PCP analysis by GC/ECD, to determine the lowest levels of PCP that can be absorbed through the skin in rats and to measure PCP residues in the serum of the household cats and dogs which possible exposed to the contaminated fiırniture. in the study, it was developed a method that was ratherly practical, reliable and economical which was mainly based upon the processes of the hydrolysis and the extraction of the samples by the acid and by the n-hexan respectively. The pomades which prepared at the levels l, 3, 5, 50, 100 and 200 ppm NaPCP/axonge (1.25, 3.75, 6.25, 62.5, 125 and 250 ugNaPCP/kg/bw) was treated as a single döşe by dermal to the Wistar Albino rats. The urinary excretion of PCP was detected at the 50 ppm and the upper doses. The excretion was begun to detected in the collected urine at 12-24 hr, and at the 24-36 hr it was increased the highest levels as 107, 175 and 730 ng/0.5 d for 50, 100 and 200 ppm respectively. The experimental animals was'autopsied at the 7 th day of the treatment and than the internal organs ör tissues (live'r, kidneys, muscle tissue, brain and serum) was analyzed. PCP residues were found in the muscle, liver and kidneys only for 5, 50 and 200 ppm and upper doses applications.respectively. it was seen that there were no correlations between detected residue levels and the treatment doses and tissues. The highest residue in the urinary of rats that were62 direct contacted to the back region of their skins with a leather containing 12 ppm PCP during a pe iod of 7 days was found as 96 ng/0.5 d at the 36-48 hr. Internal organs or tissues wer j anlyzed at the 7 th day. The residue was only found the muscle tissue as 50 ppb. ' 'CP was also analyzed in the 14 serum samples of the household cats or dogs, for 6 of them were detected ranging from 29.7 to 60.8 ppb. It was seem that this levels were nearly similar to found in the serum of general human populations in the different countries. I CP has led to a substantial environmental contamination was established that can be even veiy low doses absorbed in the body by dermal. Because of the potential toxic effects on the public health of PCP, in the most of developed countries there have in the appl cations some restrictions and prohibitions. So its use in our country should be as son possible restriction.