Malatya İl`i çevresinde erozyonun önemi ve alınması gerekli havza geliştirme önlemleri

Abstract

SUMMARY IMPORTANCE OF SOÎL EROSION END NELES3ARY VATER3HED DEVELOPMENT MEASURES IN THE VICINITY OF MALATYA As study field Fırat River Mid Lover Main Basin covring Malatyt. Adıyaman, Elazığ provinces has been discussed within the frame of hydro logic limits. This bass in part is a I the Nor thwi thin the vicinitiy of Karacaya Dam and its surfase is 3.731.800 hectares. In the region climat type is, heavy winter with snow summers hot end dry with few rains. From the rainfall 35 % occures in winter and 38 in spring. Maximum rainfall is recordedat April end some centers in November, December, and January. Yeai ly average temperature is 13.3 *C. At the field under study in general Kretase, Eosen, pal eosen and poj iokuaterner old turbid rock end permi en old tnethaırmrphic rocks are stuated-. In the field studyout of pastures and forest landlans in remaining fields agriculture is conducted. Wheat is the most significant agricultural product. At the field under study population ditribution is in general dominated by will ages. But in the last years migration to metropolitan cities became a reality. In the region from will age to the city, from the city to metropolitan townsand the population rnowements is the extended from of the activity in the* region. Different eondiclat ion summer i zed until here are causing development end diffusion of erosion and sedimentation destroying of the plant cover and the wrong use of land is accelerating this development. 30 % of the field under study is exposed to erosion of moderate, 40% strong and 30 % to severe level. Througn insuf f isanc and unbalance of the rainfall soil is carried with waters periodicalyand in wery short distances. This gross material the basesof carrying lines in back drektion. In the region a strong sedimantation accumulation take place. On the point where the stream is opened to the plain and in the section until the dam a carrying cone is formed these carrying cones advances in drection of the iterior of the stream the gross material, sedirnented in the base of the flwing wa tor and causes drying of the stream. Mainly on the higher level of the basins there are water and material losses, in the lower sections, water inondation and material losses occures. Whilst in strait section water and materials are passing without changing. In the field under study avarage yearly soil loss i s 40 tons/ha. In the Karakaya Darn, situated in the field of study Fırat Rivers and diverse streams faling into Karakaya Dam is yearly 5222 tons/km2 sedimentation yield is observed. Fırat Rivers falling into Atatürk Dam and diverse streams - 12 -sedimentation yield is 4390 tons/km2. there fore in the basin rehabilitation works to be made on this basin this situation should be considered. The rehabilitation work to beper formed may be summar ized as ; to lower the water and material losses to normal levels/ ad the lower section to render then harlessand in the strait section regulate the water and material passing to the lower section. tn the rehabilitation of the basin, technical, cultiral and administrative measures order should be followed. In areas where the erosion is not a problem yet an land use policy conforming to ` Land Capacity Classification should be followed. tn order to prevend the erosion and sedimentation the measures to be taken in the field under study, carrying and stripe cropping similuar tecnical «plications and some administrative measures were suggested. In the basin rehabilitation works to be done within the frame of t lie tecnic of Ask- Determine and Solve local populations problems should mutualy cooperate. These state sgencees should bring services to the citizen within their lines. This way who is served and who was rendered will not harm the work to be done, in contrary will protect them. - 73 -

SUMMARY IMPORTANCE OF SOÎL EROSION END NELES3ARY VATER3HED DEVELOPMENT MEASURES IN THE VICINITY OF MALATYA As study field Fırat River Mid Lover Main Basin covring Malatyt. Adıyaman, Elazığ provinces has been discussed within the frame of hydro logic limits. This bass in part is a I the Nor thwi thin the vicinitiy of Karacaya Dam and its surfase is 3.731.800 hectares. In the region climat type is, heavy winter with snow summers hot end dry with few rains. From the rainfall 35 % occures in winter and 38 in spring. Maximum rainfall is recordedat April end some centers in November, December, and January. Yeai ly average temperature is 13.3 *C. At the field under study in general Kretase, Eosen, pal eosen and poj iokuaterner old turbid rock end permi en old tnethaırmrphic rocks are stuated-. In the field studyout of pastures and forest landlans in remaining fields agriculture is conducted. Wheat is the most significant agricultural product. At the field under study population ditribution is in general dominated by will ages. But in the last years migration to metropolitan cities became a reality. In the region from will age to the city, from the city to metropolitan townsand the population rnowements is the extended from of the activity in the* region. Different eondiclat ion summer i zed until here are causing development end diffusion of erosion and sedimentation destroying of the plant cover and the wrong use of land is accelerating this development. 30 % of the field under study is exposed to erosion of moderate, 40% strong and 30 % to severe level. Througn insuf f isanc and unbalance of the rainfall soil is carried with waters periodicalyand in wery short distances. This gross material the basesof carrying lines in back drektion. In the region a strong sedimantation accumulation take place. On the point where the stream is opened to the plain and in the section until the dam a carrying cone is formed these carrying cones advances in drection of the iterior of the stream the gross material, sedirnented in the base of the flwing wa tor and causes drying of the stream. Mainly on the higher level of the basins there are water and material losses, in the lower sections, water inondation and material losses occures. Whilst in strait section water and materials are passing without changing. In the field under study avarage yearly soil loss i s 40 tons/ha. In the Karakaya Darn, situated in the field of study Fırat Rivers and diverse streams faling into Karakaya Dam is yearly 5222 tons/km2 sedimentation yield is observed. Fırat Rivers falling into Atatürk Dam and diverse streams - 12 -sediınentation yleld is 4^390 tons/km2. there fore in the basın ı ehabi l i tat ion works to be rnacle on thıs basin this situation should be considered. The rehabi l Itatlon work to beper forrııed ınay be sumınar ized as ; to lower the water and material losses to normal levels/ ad the lower seetjon to render then harlessand in the strait section regulate the water and niöter.ial passing to the îower sectiorı. tn tlvî ı ehabi l itat ion of the bas i n, tecimi';':» l, cultirrtl and administralive measures order öhould be folK»wed. in areas vjhere the erosion is not a problem yet arı l and use polJcy corıforıning to ` Lând Capat.ity Classi.f icat ion should be followed. in order to prevend the erosion and sedimentation the measuras to be taken in the field under study, carrying and stripe cropping similuar tecnical aplications and sorne adıninistral ive measures were suggested. in the basin rehabilitation works to be done within the f raine of the tecnic of Aşk- Determine and Sol ve local populations problems should rnutualy cooperate. Tlıese state agencees should bring servi ces to the çit i zeri within the îr lines. This way who is served and who was rendered will not harın the work to be done, in contrary wi 11 protect them.