Gelibolu Yarımadası`nda orman yangınları sorunu ve alınabilecek önlemler

Abstract

SUMMARY `For est Fire Problems and Precautions in Gallipoli Peninsula` Major subjects which are derived from this study that is performed to investigate the capability and precautions for fire fighting and prevention within the border of Gelibolu Historical National Park Directorate, have been summarized below: National Park Directorate has been established in 1993, covers an area of 35581.5 hectares. In the forest area, Pinus brutia and Pinus pinea are the tree species. According to data collected from fire records between 1983-1994, there has been total 59 fire cases, and 7368.66 hectares area has been destroyed. Annual average number of fire cases is 4.92, area which is destroyed is 614.1 hectares. Although annual average number of fire cases is between 5-7, in the latest Gelibolu fire case, significant increase in the amount of destroyed area has been recorded. When the causes of the forest fires are investigated, despite of there has been no fire with unknown cause, it has been seen that the major cause for fires is carelessness and the neglectance(%69.50). The region where the National Park is located, is influenced by the climate of Marmara, and open to the impact of the winds. Having long fire seasons, wider area sensitive to fires and Pinus brutia, Pinus pinea being dominant kind of tree, increase the possibility of fire and spreading of the fire. Especially in the last few years, It has been struggled to prevent from fires by means of some legal arrangements which has a sigificant renounce affect. But the justicial precations can not be applied effectively due to variety of reasons. In order to educate the local people, some educational sign-posts have been erected at several spots in the region and it has been arranged some tree planting campaigns by means of media. After the latest and biggest Gelibolu fire case, it has been usefull to speed up this sort of activities. 44Special attention should be paid to silviculturel studies. A clear management policy should be applied, a balanced mixture of trees and fence surrounding should be provided. Along with fire breaks, it is useful to build up fire resisted bands. The importance of fire breaks are better realized with the latest fire. Breaks which are already planned but not realized should be completed and constructed in parallel to wind direction. There is only one fire control station in the region. Uncovered areas by this tower and planned towers are examined on thel/25000 scale maps by cross section method. This shows that %9.65 of total area cannot be seen by all towers, %82.9 from one tower, and %44.14 could be seen from two or more towers. There are some deficiencies in the communications. These should be eliminated as soon as possible. Forest roads in the region are not adequate. Already planned roads should be completed as soon as possible and periodic road maintanance should be performed in time. Forest workers should be employed permanently and trained so that they can easily participate in at every stage of fire fighting organization. Fire fighting vehicles and equipment should be completed and supported with new procurements. Our diminishing forests are one of the most outstanding national assets which has to be protected at first. To achive this, every relevant precautions should be adopted and especially for fire fighting, it should be sacrificed whatever it takes. 45

SUMMARY `For est Fire Problems and Precautions in Gallipoli Peninsula` Major subjects which are derived from this study that is performed to investigate the capability and precautions for fire fighting and prevention within the border of Gelibolu Historical National Park Directorate, have been summarized below: National Park Directorate has been established in 1993, covers an area of 35581.5 hectares. In the forest area, Pinus brutia and Pinus pinea are the tree species. According to data collected from fire records between 1983-1994, there has been total 59 fire cases, and 7368.66 hectares area has been destroyed. Annual average number of fire cases is 4.92, area which is destroyed is 614.1 hectares. Although annual average number of fire cases is between 5-7, in the latest Gelibolu fire case, significant increase in the amount of destroyed area has been recorded. When the causes of the forest fires are investigated, despite of there has been no fire with unknown cause, it has been seen that the major cause for fires is carelessness and the neglectance(%69.50). The region where the National Park is located, is influenced by the climate of Marmara, and open to the impact of the winds. Having long fire seasons, wider area sensitive to fires and Pinus brutia, Pinus pinea being dominant kind of tree, increase the possibility of fire and spreading of the fire. Especially in the last few years, It has been struggled to prevent from fires by means of some legal arrangements which has a sigificant renounce affect. But the justicial precations can not be applied effectively due to variety of reasons. In order to educate the local people, some educational sign-posts have been erected at several spots in the region and it has been arranged some tree planting campaigns by means of media. After the latest and biggest Gelibolu fire case, it has been usefull to speed up this sort of activities. 44Special attention should be paid to silviculturel studies. A clear management policy should be applied, a balanced mixture of trees and fence surrounding should be provided. Along with fire breaks, it is useful to build up fire resisted bands. The importance of fire breaks are better realized with the latest fire. Breaks which are already planned but not realized should be completed and constructed in parallel to wind direction. There is only one fire control station in the region. Uncovered areas by this tower and planned towers are examined on thel/25000 scale maps by cross section method. This shows that %9.65 of total area cannot be seen by all towers, %82.9 from one tower, and %44.14 could be seen from two or more towers. There are some deficiencies in the communications. These should be eliminated as soon as possible. Forest roads in the region are not adequate. Already planned roads should be completed as soon as possible and periodic road maintanance should be performed in time. Forest workers should be employed permanently and trained so that they can easily participate in at every stage of fire fighting organization. Fire fighting vehicles and equipment should be completed and supported with new procurements. Our diminishing forests are one of the most outstanding national assets which has to be protected at first. To achive this, every relevant precautions should be adopted and especially for fire fighting, it should be sacrificed whatever it takes. 45