Karaçam (Pinus nigra L.) ekstraktif maddelerinin çam kese böceği üzerine etkileri
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Abstract
Çamlarin ve Sedirlerin önemli bir zararlisi olan çam kese böcegi (Thaumetopoeapityocampa) karaçam basta olmak üzere çamlarda büyük zarar yapmaktadir. Buçalismanin temel amaci, karaçam uçucu igne yaprak ekstraktiflerini inceleyerek çamkese böceginin konukçu seçimi ile farkli çam gruplarinda bulunan uçucu ibreekstraktiflerinin tipleri ve miktarlari arasinda bir iliskinin bulunup bulunmadiginibelirlemek; diger amaci ise, bu çam gruplarindaki odunlarin kimyasal bilesimlerinibelirlemek olmustur. Sonuç olarak çok böcekli ve az böcekli karaçamlar ile sariçamlarinolusturdugu üç farkli grupta uçucu ibre ekstraktifleri ve temel odun analizleriyapilmistir. Bu analizler üç gruptaki agaçlardan her gruptan ikiser agaçta temel odunanalizleri; çok böcekli karaçamlarda sekiz, az böcekli karaçamlarda ve sariçamlardabeser agaçta uçucu ibre ekstraktifleri analizleri seklinde yapilmistir.Arastirmanin sonunda, temel odun bilesenleri arasinda önemli bir farklilikbulunamazken, incelenen 25 önemli uçucu ibre bilesigi bakimindan çok böceklikaraçamlarin a-pinence zengin oldugu, az böcekli karaçamlar ve böcek bulunmayansariçamlarin ise Ã-pinence zengin oldugu bulunmustur.Bununla birlikte, yapilan tek yönlü varyans analizi ve Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK)testi sonucunda, incelenen 25 bilesikten sadece 11'inin istatistiksel olarak anlamlioldugu ve bu bilesikler arasinda tüm agaçlarda yaygin olarak bulunan a-pineninbulunmadigi ortaya çiktmistir. Istatistiksel bakimdan anlamli bulunan bilesikler arasindadikkat çekici olan 4 bilesik tespit edilmistir. Bunlardan Ã-pinen'in az böcekli karaçamlarile sariçamlar arasinda, geranil asetat'in ise çok böcekli karaçamlar ile sariçamlararasinda bir geçisi karakterize edebilecegi, diger yandan a -fenchol ve a-terpineol'un azböcekli karaçam grubunu diger gruplardan açikça ayirdigi bulunmustur. A serious defoliator of pines and cedars, pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumeoipoeapityocampa) make a great deal of damage on pines particularly on black pine (Pinusnigra L). The main aim of this study has therefore been to investigate volatile needleextractives of black pine to ascertain whether there is a correlation between the hostselection of pine processionary caterpillar and the amount and the type of volatileneedle extractives of different pine groups. Another part of the aim was to investigatechemical composition of the woods of these pine groups. Consequently analysis ofvolatile needle extractives and analysis of wood components were conducted in threegroups of pines, black pines of much infected, black pines of less infected and scotchpines (Pinus sylvestris) of not infected by caterpillar. These analyses were carried out aswood analysis of two woods of each group and volatile needle extractive analysis ofeight pines of much infected black pine group and five pines of less infected black pineand non-infected scotch pine groups.At the end of the study it was not found significant difference in wood components ofeach three pine groups whereas, as for the investigated 25 major volatile needlecompounds, it was found that much infected black pines are rich in a-pinene and lessinfected black pines and scotch pines are rich in Ã-pinene.However, after executing One Way Anova and Student Newman Keuls (SNK) tests itwas found that only 11 compounds of the important 25 compounds are statisticallysignificant and a-pinene, a common compound for all pine groups, is not found i thesecompounds. Among the statistically significant compounds, 4 striking compounds weredetermined. Of these compounds, it was found that à pinene and geranyl acetate mightcharacterize transitions between scotch pines and less infected black pines and betweenmuch infected black pines and scotch pines respectively; on the other hand, a-fencholand a-terpineol seemed to clearly seperate the less infected black pines from other pinegroups.
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