Vankomisin dirençli enterokok kolonizasyon ve enfeksiyonunda risk faktörleri
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Abstract
Bu retrospektif vaka-kontrol çalışmasının amacı, vankomisin dirençli enterokok rektal kolonizasyonu ve enterokokkal bakteriyeminin risk faktörlerini değerlendirmektir. Çalışmamızda hastanemiz üçüncü düzey(toplam 85 erişkin hasta yatağına sahip) yoğun bakımlarında takip edilen ve perirektal sürüntü kültürlerinde VRE izole edilen; VRE ile kolonize 108 hasta ve VRE ile kolonize olup daha sonra kan kültüründe VRE üremesi olan 14 hasta risk faktörleri açısından değerlendirildi.VRE ile kolonize hastalarda ;Antibiyotik kullanımında; piperasilin tazobaktam (p=0.007), sefoperazon sulbaktam (p=0.028), karbapenem (p<0.001), kolistsin (p=0.001), sulbaktam (p=0.001) ve glikopeptidler (p<0.001) risk faktörü olarak anlamlı bulunurken, invaziv girişimlerden endotrakeal entübasyon (p=0.006), nazogastrik katater (p=0.003), trakeostomi (p=0.024), hemodiyaliz (p=0.048), reentübasyon (p=0.008), SVK (p<0.001) anlamlı bulundu. VRE kolonize hastalarda altta yatan hastalıklarda immünsupresyon (p=0.041) anlamlı bulundu. VRE rektal kolonizasyonu saptanan hastaların ortalama yatış günü 24,65 ± 48,82, VRE rektal kolonizasyonu saptanmayanlar da ortalama yatış günü 9,12±15,25‟dir. Yoğun bakımda uzun süre yatan hastalarda VRE kolonizasyon riski anlamlı bulunmuştur (p=0.002). Ayrıca çalışmamızda VRE kolonizasyonunda APACHE-II skorunun ≥ 20 değeri istatiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p=0.001). VRE suşu olarak kolonize hastaların 82'si (%75,9) E faecium, 6'sı (%5,6) E faecalis ve 20'sinin (%18,5) Enterococcus species olduğu tespit edildi. VRE bakteriyemi gelişen hastalarda ;Risk faktörleri incelendiğinde, antibiotiklerden vankomisin kullanımı (p=0.009) anlamlı bulundu. İnvaziv girişimlerden reentübasyon (p=0.006), altta yatan hastalıklardan ise Diabetes mellitus (P=0.004) ve koroner arter hastalığı (p=0.003) anlamlı bulundu. VRE kolonize hastalardan VRE bakteriyemisi gelişen hastaların tamamında E faecium suşu tespit edildi. The aim of this retrospective case-control study is to evaluate risk factors of rectal colonization with vancomycin resistant enterococi and enterococcal bacteraemia.In our study we included patients in whom VRE was isolated from perirectal swab culture and followed up at the tertiary intensive care units (which has 85 adult bed capacity ) of our hospital. 108 patients who were colonized with VRE and 14 patients in whom VRE grew in blood cultures after colonization were evaluated for risk factors.Among the patients colonized with VRE ;Usage of antibiotics which included piperacillin tazobactam (p=0.007) , cefoperazone sulbactam (p=0.028) , carbapenems (p<0.001) , colistin (p=0.001), sulbactam (p=0.001), glycopeptides (p=0.001) were found to be significant risk factors. Invasive procedures which included endotracheal intubation (p=0.006), nasogastric catheterization (p=0.003), tracheostomy (p=0.024), hemodialysis (p=0.048), reintubation (p=0.008), central venous catheterization (p=0.001), were found to be significant. Immunosuppression (p=0.041) was found to be a significant risk factor from amongst the patients' concomitant conditions. Mean number of days of hospitalization was 24,65 ± 48,82 for patients colonized with VRE and 9,12±15,25 for patients who had negative VRE rectal swab cultures. Prolonged hospitalization (p=0.002) was found to be a significant risk factor for VRE colonization. Also APACHE-II score ≥ 20 was found to be statistically significant. Species of colonizing VRE were E. faecium in 82 (75.9%), E. faecalis in 6 (5.6%) and Enterococcus species in 20 (18.5%) patients. Among the patients with VRE bacteraemia;When we evaluated the risk factors; of the antibiotics, usage of vancomycin was found to be significant. Of invasive procedures, reintubation, of concomitant diseases, diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease were found to be significant risk factors. E. faecium was detected in all VRE-colonized patients developing VRE bacteraemia.
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