Latin harfli çeviri yazı metinlerinde konuşma dili olarak Türkçe (16. - 18. yy)

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkçenin konuşma dili olarak 16. ve 18. yüzyıllar arası Osmanlı dönemindeki özelliklerini betimlemek amacını taşımaktadır. Bu amaçla Latin harfli çeviri yazı metinlerindeki konuşma dilini yansıtan kelime listeleri, atasözleri, deyimler, yerel söyleyişi yansıtan metin parçaları, konuşma cümlelerini içeren bir bütünceden yararlanma yoluna gidilmiştir. Bütünce, toplamda 12 eserin taranması yoluyla oluşturulmuştur.Giriş bölümünde çalışmanın konusu, amacı, önemi, sayıltıları ve sınırlılıkları hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve çalışmada kullanılan bazı kavramlar tanımlanmıştır. İkinci bölüm konuşma dili, Osmanlı Türkçesi ve çeviri yazı metinlerinin tanıtıldığı kuramsal bir çerçeveden oluşmuştur. Üçüncü bölümde çalışmada izlenen yönteme yer verilmiş, seçilen metinlere özgü yazım ve seslik özelliklerle beraber seslik değerler tablo halinde gösterilmiştir. Aynı bölümde metnin orijinalinin aktarımı ile transkribe edilmiş şekli de paylaşılmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde ilgili metinler konuşma dili özellikleri bakımından incelenmiştir. Çeviri yazı metinlerinde kullanılan Latin alfabesine, yazım ve sesletimle ilgili özelliklere yer verildikten sonra inceleme, yapısal ve işlevsel inceleme olmak üzere iki ana başlık altında yapılmıştır. Yapısal incelemede ses bilgisi, şekil bilgisi, sözdizimsel unsurlar ele alınmış ve kalıplaşmış dil birimlerine yer verilmiştir. İşlevsel incelemede konuşma diline ait unsurlar, iletişimsel ve bağlamsal yönden ortaya konulmuştur. İlgili metinlerde yer alan malzeme, bölgesel ve sosyal varyantlar bakımından ayrıca ele alınmıştır. Beşinci bölüm, konuşma dili bağlamında elde edilen bulguların yorumlanarak tartışılmasına ayrılmıştır. Altıncı bölümde çalışmada ulaşılan sonuçlar paylaşılmış ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Çalışma, incelenen çeviri yazı metinlerindeki söz varlığının alfabetik dizini ve sözlük bölümü ile tamamlanmıştır.Çalışmada 16. ve 18. yy. arasında üretilen çeviri yazı metinleri çerçevesinde Türkçenin konuşma dili olarak sahip olduğu özellikler ses, sözcük ve cümle düzeyinde betimlenmiştir. Konuşma dili olarak Türkçe ile ilgili betimlemelerin yazılı metinleri de anlamamıza yardımcı olacak şekilde çeşitli olanaklar sağladığı gözlemlenmiştir. Türkçenin yazı ve konuşma dili bakımından sahip olduğu niteliklerin daha açık bir anlayış ve dil bilinci ile tanınmasının dilin daha etkili kullanımını sağlayacağı da vurgulanmıştır.

This study aims to describe the features of the spoken language Turkish during the Ottoman period between the 16th and 18th centuries. For this purpose, it was used to make use of a corpus containing word lists, proverbs, idioms, text fragments reflecting the local speech, and speaking sentences, which are thought to belong to the spoken language in Latin lettered transcription texts. The corpus was created by scanning 12 works in total.In the introduction part, information about the subject, purpose, importance, assumptions, and limitations of the study is given and some concepts used in the study are defined. The second part consists of a theoretical framework in which spoken language, Ottoman Turkish, and transcription texts are introduced. In the third part, the method followed in the study was included, and the orthographic and phonetic features of the selected texts and phonetic values were shown in a table. In the same part, the transcribed version of the text with the transmission of the original is shared. In the fourth part, the relevant texts are analyzed in terms of spoken language features. After the Latin alphabet used in transcription texts, features related to orthography and pronunciation were described, the analysis was made under two main headings: structural and functional analysis. In the structural analysis, phonetical, morphological, syntactic elements were discussed and formulaic language units were included. In the functional analysis, the elements of spoken language are presented from a communicative and contextual perspective. The material in the relevant texts is discussed separately in terms of regional and social variants. The fifth part is devoted to the discussion of the findings obtained in the context of spoken language. In the sixth part, the results obtained in the study are shared and suggestions are made. The study was completed with the alphabetical index and dictionary section of the vocabulary in the studied transcription texts.In the study, the characteristics of Turkish as a spoken language were described at the level of phonetic, word, and sentence within the framework of transcription texts produced between the 16th and 18th centuries. It has been observed that descriptions of Turkish as a spoken language provide various opportunities to help us understand the written texts. It was also emphasized that the recognition of the qualities of Turkish in terms of writing and spoken language with a clear understanding and language awareness will provide more effective use of the language.This study aims to describe the features of the spoken language Turkish during the Ottoman period between the 16th and 18th centuries. For this purpose, it was used to make use of a corpus containing word lists, proverbs, idioms, text fragments reflecting the local speech, and speaking sentences, which are thought to belong to the spoken language in Latin lettered transcription texts. The corpus was created by scanning 12 works in total.In the introduction part, information about the subject, purpose, importance, assumptions, and limitations of the study is given and some concepts used in the study are defined. The second part consists of a theoretical framework in which spoken language, Ottoman Turkish, and transcription texts are introduced. In the third part, the method followed in the study was included, and the orthographic and phonetic features of the selected texts and phonetic values were shown in a table. In the same part, the transcribed version of the text with the transmission of the original is shared. In the fourth part, the relevant texts are analyzed in terms of spoken language features. After the Latin alphabet used in transcription texts, features related to orthography and pronunciation were described, the analysis was made under two main headings: structural and functional analysis. In the structural analysis, phonetical, morphological, syntactic elements were discussed and formulaic language units were included. In the functional analysis, the elements of spoken language are presented from a communicative and contextual perspective. The material in the relevant texts is discussed separately in terms of regional and social variants. The fifth part is devoted to the discussion of the findings obtained in the context of spoken language. In the sixth part, the results obtained in the study are shared and suggestions are made. The study was completed with the alphabetical index and dictionary section of the vocabulary in the studied transcription texts.In the study, the characteristics of Turkish as a spoken language were described at the level of phonetic, word, and sentence within the framework of transcription texts produced between the 16th and 18th centuries. It has been observed that descriptions of Turkish as a spoken language provide various opportunities to help us understand the written texts. It was also emphasized that the recognition of the qualities of Turkish in terms of writing and spoken language with a clear understanding and language awareness will provide more effective use of the language.