TRT Türk halk müziği repertuarında çocukların söyleyebileceği türkülerin incelenmesi

Abstract

Yaptığımız araştırmalarda, ülkemizde `Çocuk Müziği` alanında büyük bir boşluk olduğunu gözlemledik ve bu boşluğa bir nebze yardımcı olabilmek amacıyla eğitimini gördüğümüz halk müziği alanında TRT Türk Halk Müziği radyo repartuarında bulunan ilk üç bin türkü arasında bir inceleme yaptık. Bu incelemeler sonucunda karşımıza `Çocuk Türküsü` diyebileceğimiz yapıda bir türkü çıkmamıştır. Fakat repartuarda melodik ve ritmik olarak çocukların söyleyebileceği yüzlerce türkü vardır. Bu türküler içinde edebi olarak çocukların ilgisini çekebilecek yapıda melodisi ve ritmi itibariyle ise çocukların severek okuyacağına inandığımız 12 türkü ile karşılaştık. Elde ettiğimiz bu oniki türküyü hem biçim analizi hem de çocuk müziği kriterleri açısından analize tabi tuttuk ve bu türkülerin çocuklara ne gibi değerler sağlayacağını ortaya çıkardık.

In the world that we live in, the most important thing for the humanbeing is his child. Either individually or soclallly the education of the child being the youngest element of the social beings is the aim of all the societies of the world. Personally, the parents dedicate themselves to give the child a good education and to grow him as a useful citizen to their society. And the societies should care about the children for its own future. Because a child grown well means a child that's already got the needs of the future and will build the contemporary society. Hereby it can be said that all the countries of the world have aimed everything in their lives towards their children. Play grounds, child game3, children' s toys, theatres for children, cinemas for children, cartoon films and musical plays for children are all the products of this aim. And also child psychology the concepts towards children have got involved İn the sociology as the products of such a logic. ?#' - IV -Definitely our nation is a society which uses its common sense always where it's necessary.The child has got his place in the folklore, which has bean a very important intersection point of many sciences and which ha3 been affected by many sciences as well as it has affected many of them. As a result of this, it's possible for us to meet `folkloric songs written and sung for children` among the folkloric songs and `plays for children` just like `aç kapiyx bezirgan başı` among many plays. It's not possible to think that the Turkish National Folkloric Music, which has an unlimited richness of subjects, to neglect the subject of child. But the children's folkloric songs and the folkloric songs that children can sing should not be confused. Our main aim is to examine ` the songs that children can s i ng `. In our radio repertoire we can see the Deyiş, Zeybek, Horon, the Middle Anatolian Folkloric Songs and the lives of our citizens living in these songs. But because no work has been done on `the folkloric songs that children can sing` since today, we are not yet sure if there has been any songs that - v -we can let our children sing. In our opinion it's a very big loss that there has been no work done on such an important subject before. This loss, causes our children to be grown away from their own social qualities. And the children growing without having the equalities of their own culture, are getting affected by the other foreign cultures as they are growing older and they start behaving like elements of those cultures. Of course it is our children who is affected by this degeneration. Because to push our children starving for knowledge towards such degenerated cultures, will cause our society to become `a society lacking its own culture` instead of becoming `a contemporary society`. And as result of thas, to stop this degeneration is the main goal of the educators, researchers and the media which has a very powerful effect on the society. So during our examinations we wanted to deal with the songs, being a branch of our national culture, which we have already had the education of and which our children can sing and by which we can make them like our Folkloric Music, by - vi -which we can make them to get used to our Folkloric Music. In the examinations we made in the repertoire of the Turkish Folkloric Music of T.R.T(Turkish Radio and Television) consisting of 3000 folkloric songs, we examined the folkloric songs that can be literarily understood by the children, that can be kept in mind musically and ritmlcally,and songs that are in the voice range of the children. During this survey of ours, we used two different methods. In our first examination we have made a form analysis lyrically, melodically and rithmically.And in the second one we have made an analysis according to the criteria of the children's music. In the form analysis we have used a terminology as period, sentence and little sentences.The periods are simply defined with capitol letters like A,B,C, the sentences with small letters like a-b-c vb.,the little sentences with small letters like x-y-z.So the way that we will follow will be like period>sentence>little sentence. And the way we will follow through our examination through the criteria of children's music will be as follows. The - vu -subject of the works, the uses of them and their structures. While we are getting our thesis ready, using the methods of dialogues and investigastions, we used the media and libra ries, as well. Because the main subject of our survey is `the child`, we particularly tried to find answers to the questions of what a child is, what kind of a growth he shows after being born, how his education should be, how and when the musical education should be given to the child. Later among the 3000 folkloric songs in the repertoire of the Turkish Folkloric Songs of T.R.T we met 12 songs that the children in their late childhood period(for males ages 6-13, for females ages 6-11) can sing, and we analysed according to the criteria of the music and according to their forms. At the end of this research we have not found any ` chil dren's folkloric music` in accordance with the criteria of the child music in the repertoire of the Turkish Folkloric Music of T.R.T. - viii -But, the songs we collected might be interesting for the children because of their music, rithm, lyrics or the characters involved in them and they have structures that makes it possible for them to sing. But still none of them belongs to the children literariiy. Finally, there exist folkloric songs that `our children can sing` among our National Folkloric Songs. We believe that these songs will prevent our children get away from their own cultural qualities and will make them get used to their own national music. In order to have a precaution against the degenereation right from the start, these kinds of folkloric songs being brought out and taught to children will be very useful for the national culture of our country. The lack of children's music will force them to sing the songs for adults. It will also affect the characters of the children that they will try to sing such songs, as well as forcing them to try to understand the meanins of the words of the songs that are not for them, and causing them misunderstand those words. And because of these reasons, the children will start to behave like adults much before they - IX -become adults. At the end of our examination we have seen that, as in other branches of music, there exist no `children's folkloric music` that can fill the gap in the area of the `child ren1 s music`. The 12 folkloric 3ongs that we met in the examinations on the repertoire of the folkloric songs of T.R.T,are not qua lified enough to fill out this gap. But because they belong to different areas and have the motifs and intervals of the folkloric music, they will be very good examples for the introduction of the Turkish Folkloric Music during the children's muusical education. In order to fill out the lack that our children have the music sector in our country should consider the branch of the`children's music` as a sector of business, as well. From our point of view, the poets should care about the `rules of Turkish language`, write poems that will help them extend the limits of their dreams and their memories, and the composers should compose according to the criteria of the child music and their own rules. We believe that using this system many `children's musics` will come out and we will have no need for the helps of the music works that are adopted from different cultures and which we are trying to teach to our children for the last 70 years. We wish the area that should be filled out with the `child ren's music` to become a sector in our country. It is our greatest wish that the thesis we work on will be successful with the aims mentioned above.