Türk halk oyunlarının ülke turizmindeki yeri

Abstract

ÖZET Bu çalışma İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Güzel Sanatlar Ana Sanat Dalı Türk Halkoyunları alanında yüksek lisans tezi olarak hazırlanmıştır. Halk oyunları genelde insanoğlunun doğayı, kendi denetimi altına alma abası ve önleyemedikleri olayların istemleri doğrultusunda oluşmasını sağlamak amacıyla yaptıkları törenlerdeki hareketlerin sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Kırsal toplumun bir yaratısı olarak ortaya çıkan Halk Oyunları hareket enginliğine ve vermek istediği mesaja etki eden faktörlerin başında iklim, doğal ve doğal olmayan olaylar, inançlar, yaşam savaşı ve insanlar arası ilişkiler gelmektedir. Bu tür faktörler söz, müzik, tavır ve hareket bütünlüğü içinde halk oyunlarının ruhunu oluşturmaktadır. Anadolu'da yaşamış olan Türk uygarlıkları, Orta Asya'dan getirdikleri kültür birikimlerini, kendi yaratıcı güçlerine sanat anlayışlarına beğeni ve becerilerini de ekleyerek paha biçilmez zenginlikteki halk oyunlarımızın günümüze tek ulaşmasını sağlamışlardır. İnsanların değişik kültür ve sanatlarla tanışma imkanları günümüzde ancak turizm sayesinde gerçekleşmektedir. Kültür seviyesi yüksek toplumlar genelde en çok seyahat eden toplumlardır. Ülkelerarası seyahat, yani turizm faaliyetlerine katılmakla dünyanın çeşitli yerlerindeki ülkelerin toplum hayatlarını, kültürlerini, sanatsal faaliyetlerini yerinde görmek ve tanımak; karşılaştırma yapma gücünü geliştirdiği gibi diğer ülke ve milletleri sevme ve kültürel olgunluğa da büyük katkılar sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada halk oyunlarının turizme katkıları bağlamında, sağladığı ekonomik boyutların dışında değişik ülke insanlarının kaynaşmasına ve kültür :enginliklerinin aktarılması yoluyla ülke tanıtımına ne denli katkılar sağladığı anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Giyimiyle, müziğiyle, oyunuyla, mutfağıyla kısacası portföyünde bulunan öğelerin çeşitliliğiyle ülkemiz turizmi için büyük bir potansiyel kaynak oluşturur, aynı zamanda yurt dışında kendi ülkesinin reklamını yapabilme özelliğiyle Halk viOyunlarımız gün geçtikçe turizm sektörü içindeki layık olduğu yeri daha da sağlamlaştıracaktır. Burada unutulmaması gereken en önemli faktör geleneksel ve yöresel özelliklerini yozlaştırmadan, tarihten gelen birikimleriyle kendi kültürümüze özgü yapının bozulmasının önlenmesidir. Bunlara dikkat edildiği takdirde hem kendi içindeki gelişimini hızlandıracak, hem de turizme katkı boyutu genişleyecektir. vii

SUMMARY The Affects of Turkish Folklore at Turkey's Tourism This study was conduceted as a master's thesis in the field of Turkish folklore as the fine Arts Main Art Branch at İstanbul Technical University Social Sciences Institute. This study aimed at enlightening Folklore groups and the administrators in the tourism sector about the perspective they shoud have for folklore. It also investigated the contribution of Folklore to tourism. An attempt to develop a theoriy for the presentation of Turkish folklore was made using the animations that entertains tourists. In this study a certain method was used: In the first two chapters, tourism and folklore were examined seperately while in the third chapter these two subject were investingeted together. More over, the contribution of calture animations to tourism and the place of folklore in animations were defined. The researcher suggested the and methods to be used underlined the deficiencies. Human beings have to live in order to have some special features, habits, values and point of views. In order to live production is necessery. The relations that arises during the production period namely production relations, affect other relations. All the people who live in primitive, racist, feudal, capitalist or socialist societies have some characteristics worth of examining those charcteristics are traditions, customs, the way of expressing their feelings, their clothes their music and dance. In short, all their feactures that should be investigated in sociology are different from each other. viiiCulture is the organized and collected products of the interrelation between people and between people and their enviroment. With culture, people turn in to beings that are devoted to their history and traditions, that are not satisfied with their knowledge, that can easily adopt to current conditions that can integrate with all the classes (levels) of the society and fit in with the age. We should `take our homeland, our own history, traditions, characteristics and needs as a basis for our reseach an investigations` as Atatürk expressed. In order to the this, every person regardless of their possition in the management to the country, should closely know the folklore values of their country. The researcher believes that we should not forget the fact that Anatolia on its own is a treasure of history, culture and art and is full of movements which reflect the culture and art of Turkish cirilization. All Turkish people and even the responsibility to protect these movements. Industry, tourism and economics have cultural (operation) starting points, In these points, this operation is both dynamic and dense(compact). The culture which is consumed in movement or resting natural like man's breathing. When this historical nutrition is cut off or decreased, the natural rhythm of breathing is spoilt. Development as for as society, industry, economy and tourism are concerned, is lovely related with the natural dense usage of cultural values. In the recent years, the festivals arrenged in many places of our country caused a sudden increase in the number of tourists came to our country. The cham of Festivals such as The Bursa festival, Çanakkale Festival, (Bergama Fair), Selçuk Festival, Pamukkale festival are among the festivals which help our folkloric dance to be town in the other countries contribute, to the development of our country. ixThe mission of advertising, our country in other countries in a most effectrue way belongs to our folkloric dance. It can be argued that our folkloric dance occupies a rich music, figure, rhythm and meaning. Thus, it is a crucial and importent force in creating the national art and culture for the next generations. Numeraus artists can create original works by taking inspiration from the rich context of our folkloric dances. Today, nations use storts and folklore as a means of advertising their countries. In our country too, our folkloric dances which embody superior and rich values, are esteemed well. Also, we are proud of our success in many international competitions. The richness of a country when the folkloric dance, is concerned depends on the variety of dancing figures. The folkloric dance which has figure richness entertains the audience the richness and the poverty, the folkloric dances are in parallel with the cultural level of the country. The tourist is looking for to obtain information, knowledge, action atraction and expirencee. That is only swimming or sunstune bath will not be enough for tourists and they like to find someting more, what so ever possibile. The countries such as Greece or Spain vhich are developed on tourism, they solved these problems by way of animation. But in our country this kind of atraction has not take place properly at this stage. The reason of this we have not enough well educated staff members on these fields. Moreover in some touristic place are organizing Turkish Night`, `Turkish Wedding` and `1001 Nights Story` for tourist and giving wrong filling and understanding, because they do not have permanent and well educated staff as we mentioned before. In reality the cost of this kind of personel will bring additional expenses to that tourism company but this investment will pay-back is a very short time.In the country which are developed on tourism, they solved this problems by special school. At these school they are giving special education and knowledge to their students as for as animation is concern. The graduates from this special school are being employed by the touristical hotels and restaurants. On the contrary, in our country there is not any school like as Europians. That is way some touristical hotels and restaurant in our county are employing uneducated or foreign personel. As a result of this wrong employment our tradition and customs passing-on wrong way to the tourist. The Subject of animations should be preplanned according to the `Nation`, `Age` and `culture` of the tourists and it is also important to have poil within the tourists about the animations. This procedure will give us to replan our future organization. Finally, if we wish to have succesfull animations programs, first of all we should have well educated personel. In order to have well educated personel we have to start special animation schools. Otherwise to hope improvement on tourism will not be easy. At the same time to give more information to tourists is also vital important. Such brochures will be always available at any corner of the hotels and restaurants. XI