Müzik yayınlarının değerlendirilmesi açısından 1995 yılı eylül-ekim-kasım ayları içerisinde Türkiye`deki televizyon kanallarına genel bakış

Abstract

ÖZET Müziğin, insanlar üzerinde büyük bir etkisi vardır. Sanat dallan içerisinde, insanlara en kolay ve çabuk ulaşabilen, müziktir. Toplumun psikolojik ve sosyokültürel özellikleri müziğe yansır. Televizyon ise; her tür olayı, haberi, konuyu anında ve etkileyici bir biçimde insanlara ulaştırabilir. Kitle iletişim araçları içinde de en etkili olan, televizyondur. Müziğin toplum üzerindeki etkileri ve televizyonun anında insana ulaşabilme gücü birleştiğinde, televizyonda yayınlanan müzik programlarının etkileyiciliği ortaya çıkar. Hazırlanan bu çalışmada; Türkiye'deki televizyon kanallarında yayınlanan müzik programlan incelenmiştir. Caz, Rock, Klâsik Batı Müziği, Türk Sanat Müziği, Türk Halk Müziği, Türk Hafif Müziği, Arabesk, Taverna ve Özgün Müzik çeşitlerini içeren 37 müzik programı üzerindeki değerlendirmeler, televizyon ve müziğin sosyolojik etkilerinin önemli olduğu düşüncesi doğrultusunda yapılmıştır. vi

SUMMARY This study in fine arts with concentration in Turkish Classic Music which is a general approach to the Turkish Television channels during three months (September, October and November) in 1995 is prepared in order to evaluate Music Broadcast in Turkey and submit to the Institute of social Sciences of Istanbul Technical University. Music is a powerful art branch that can easily reach the big population mass. The social, cultural and psychological pattern of a society could be identified to its musical choices. Television is a combination of voice and image that informs the population about an event or/and matter in the world. It may have quick and permanent effect on the population. Considering effects of music on the society we can notice the importance of music broadcast realized by television channels that have the power of reaching people instantly and directly. This study will analyze music programs emitted by Turkish Television channels. Our evaluation is based on sociological effects of music and television and will offer several analysis on music programs. We observed that Turkish TV channels have fallowed a similar strategy in 1995 and the content of programs did not vary much. Therefore, we prefered to limit our study to only three months that, we believe, will be representative enough. Since September is the first month of a new broadcast program we have focused our study to September, October and November. In Turkey, there are five nation and several private channels. In the channel selection we prefered channels that are watched all over Turkey. Therefore channels like Flaş TV, Samanyolu TV are automatically eliminated. TGRT is also eliminated because of its policy that do not allow real and permanent music programs within its broadcast. Channels like Number 1 TV and Krai TV are music channels-only. However, this study is concerned about figuring out the importance of music programs within channels that broadcast all kind of programs. This is why channels that are focused to only one kind of program are remained out of the study. Finally TRT-3 being a sportive and youth channel, TRT-4 and TRT-5 being channels that broadcast old programs are out of our research. viiWe prefered to consider programs that are devoted to music only and eliminated programs that also include talk shows, interviews or/and special shows. We have chosen television guides of three newspapers (Hürriyet, Sabah and Milliyet) in order to select programs. The second section is based on the definition of population mass, relation among people and effects of culture on the population. It also analyzes the power of mass communication instruments especially television. After analyzing the social power of music in the second section, the third section is concerned about historic of the Turkish television by informing the reader on the beginning and development of broadcasting in Turkey and establishment of private channels. The fourth section includes information about music types within television programs. The fifth section is based on information about studied channels. The final section is based on having a critical approach by adopting an objective attitude about programs. This study will be open to any suggestion and critics and is realized to contribute future researches. In examining programs we tried to establish a model that foresees an enumeration (title of the program, channel's name, broadcast time, duration of the program, frequency of the program in the week). We analyzed thirty seven music programs in two public and six private channels. Thirteen of these programs belong to TRT and the rest to the private channels. Programs that are delayed are eliminated. Concerning Jazz, only one program whose duration is limited to 40 minutes in the national channels was found. There is no Jazz program in the private channels. There is another fourty minute program for Rock and Roll and also belongs to the national channel. TNT has two programs concentrated in Classic Music which are limited to two hours fifteen minutes. There are not classic music programs in private channels. As to Turkish Classic Music, there are three programs that last two hours fourty five minutes and belong to TRT. Private channels do not have Turkish Classic Music Programs. Only `Kanal D` broadcasts a program beneath the Turkish Classic Music title. However, since the real content of this viiiprogram is completely formed by `Arabesk` and `Taverna` style songs it remains out of our cansideration. Turkish folkloric music programs are also limited and only TRT realizes them with fourry five minute broadcarting. `Arabesk-Taverna-özgün Music` programs mostly belong to private channels. To the three Arabesk-Taverna-özgün Music programs four hours are allowed. Pop music programs are the most important part of the music broadcarting in all channels. There are two pop music programs within TRT and fourteen within private channels. A total of fourty eight hours fifty five minutes is allowed to pop music programs. TRT spents three hours twenty minutes and the rest is shared among private channels. Some music programs include all type of songs. This kind of programs can be seen as well within TRT as within private channels. Twenty three hours ten minutes are devoted to these programs all over the channels. Twenty one programs out of thirty seven are video clip programs. Some of these programs have foreign names such as `Top 20` or `Klip Show`. There are six programs that are called `Müzik` and two `Müzik Saati`. Being too similar or having the same titles render these programs ordinary. We observe the most interesting titles within TRT. In some programs titles are not even announced or written. Channels often use music pnograms to fill the time hole between two programs. `Mass communication researchers show that TV channels should consider all members of the family in broadcasting by accepting the fact that most of the spectators are in front of their TV sets between 7 and 11 o'clock`. However, our study shows only seven programs out of thirty seven music programs are broadcasted between 19.00 and 23.00. TRT is the major channel that broadcasts music programs between these hours. One Jazz, one classic music, one Turkish Classic Music and one Turkish Folkloric Music concert are broadcasted by TRT. These programs are carefully produced even though they are not frequent. The other two programs belong to HBB. One of these is named `Çal Çal Oyna` that does not have a qualitalive content. Music programs are surprisingly not broadcasted during the time range when television has more influence on the population mass. Yet channels prefer to broadcast music during the weekend when youth and children are at home. Nine pop music programs are emitted between 10.30 and 16.00 on weekend. IXPrograms have a big quality problem. They do not have esthetic approach and quality is not often taken in consideration. Most of the time music programs are produced in order to use the time hole between two programs and not broadcasted at busy hours. In private channels music rules are usually denied without paying attention to the music sociology and esthetic rules. With the technological progress it is easy and quick to reach the mass population. Television is the most powerful communication instrument because it combines the image and voice. It has become a part of one life. It is an active instrument because it broadcasts news, images and events simultaneously. Since it can affect the society directly TV programs must be elaborated meticulously. Music is the most effective art branch because it can reach people directly and quicly. Therefore it has similar characteristics with the television. Music preference in a society represents the social, cultural and psychological characteristics of the population. The music concept reflects society's patterns. Music is certainely parallel to sociology and psychology. As the human body needs food to live, his soul requires art to be fulfilled intellectually. The quality of art work would positively affect as well psychology of the person as culture of the society. An open and free minded society can be created only if there are real artists in the population. In this context duty of the musician is very important on the society. Television is the most convenient instrument for the singer to reach the population who have only the written information about him from newspapers. The adequate music choice can only be quaranteed if music programs give the correct message. However, in private channels most of the programs have regative influance on the society and remove the population from its culture. The definition of `artist word` is scandolously wrong used and anybody is presented as on artist by private channels. Any song is broadcasted and the society is imposed to accept anything offered by the television. Music is considered as a free time and entertainment instrument by TV channels. Therefore, society developped proper adjectives even for the real artists and consider any performer as the same singer. Music is art and not only an entertainment instrument. The entertainment part of music raises from its melody, rhythm and words.in Turkish private channels, Pop Music has a definite supremacy over Turkish Classic and Folkloric Music, Classic Music and Jazz. As songs are broadcasted with their clips same images are seen in every program. Even if it is unsufficient, only TRT broadcasts Turkish folkloric and classic music and Jazz. Private channels do not prefer to broadcast this kind of music because they are more concerned about their rating than art. Unfortunately, in today's consumption society music became a commercial instrument. After the development of the music sector and cassette market in Turkey, private TV channels have begun to collaborate with music companies that usually produce Turkish Pop Music albums and their clips which are broadcasted in these same channels. Anybody is oriented by these strategies and condemned to select what is offered by private channels. This procedure allows music companies to sell their production and private channels to increase their rating. In other words there is mutual interest between private channels and music companies which impose programs devoted to Turkish pop music only. Even though pop music is also necessery, imposing one type of music has negative effects on the society. This would affect music concept of the population. One type of music, similar programs or any strategy that praises uniformism in a society are in peril of open minded society and would create streotype people. Another indication that shows Turkey has been becoming a consumption society is the fact that new clips and songs have old ones forgotten forever. Private channels are more concerned about image than art and quality. In fact we must not forget music is an important part of culture and television is the most powerful instrument in communicating. It is anybody's duty to contribute to quality of music programs. Inconvenient broadcasting politics might be the first step for cultural chaos. Producers must proceed their programs consciously and meticulously. XI