Halk türkülerinde kadının konumu

Abstract

`Halk Türkülerinde Kadının Konumu` adı ile hazırlanan bu çalışma; dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde amaç kapsam, yararlanılan yöntem ve araçlar belirtilmiştir, ikinci bölümde, geçmişten günümüze tarihsel süreç içinde Türk kadını, müziğin doğuş nedenleri, türkü söyleme geleneğinin toplumdaki yeri ele alınmıştır. Türk kadınının, türkülerle olan bağlantısı, konuyla ilgili kavramlar hakkında açıklamalar, türkülerin sınıflandırılması ile ilgili bilgiler, halk türkülerinin sanatsal yaratıcı unsurlarla olan ilişkisi de bu bölümün kapsamındadır. Üçüncü bölümde kadın; türkü yakıcı ve türkülere konu edilen kimliği ile incelenmiştir. Kadının türkü yakarken etkilendiği konular, kullandığı dil, yaratıcılık ve sanat gücü, toplumla olan bağları, dünya görüşü, felsefesi ve diğer toplum bireylerinin kadına bakışı, düşünceleri, duyguları, konularına göre sınıflandırılan türkülerin incelenmesiyle ortaya çıkmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde, ulaşılan bilgi ve bulguların ışığında ortaya çıkan sonuçlar yer almaktadır. Geçmişten bu güne kadının, sosyal - siyasal her türlü değişimden etkilenerek, eski konumunu yitirdiği, suskunluk içerisine itildiği, türkülerin ise bu suskunluğu bozabildiği tek dil olduğu, kendisine imge seçtiği bu türkülerde sanatçı bilge kişiliğini mizah anlayışını sakladığını bu bölümdeki sonuçlar saptamıştır. Kadının söz söyleme hakkını ancak perde arkasında kullanabildiği, dile getirdiği sorunların, düşüncelerin; yönetim ve eğitim birimlerince dikkate alınmadığı da bu sonuçlar arasındadır. Ekler ise çalışmada incelenen türkülerin notalarından oluşmaktadır.

Th§ study whieh was p§rf©rm©d under th© title öf uth§ situation of w©m§n in folk songs` consists of four categories. In the first category which contains the introduction, the aim of the study, the initiative ideas, its extent, and methods, tool that was used during preparation are presented. Why Anatolian women sing folk songs, what they intend to soy, an the revelation of the ties between the situation the women in real life and in folk songs make up the aim of the study. In the second category of the study, from the point of view that it reveals the importance of folk songs and women in Turkish society, during the historical process from the past to now, the changes that Turkish women have come across an the relationship between the society and folk songs are studied. As old Turkish society takes the equality of men and women as be, men and women have lived having the same rights and situations. But the reasons such as the effects of migrations, no emphasis on education by the newly established political structures, no conscious tongue religion policy have pushed the women under the effects of the foreign cultures. From the end of the 12th century to the beginning of the 20th century Turkish women have been affected by different cultures. As they are effected by the Iranian and Arabian Islamic traditions, these traditions were accepted as Islamic understandings, and thus the effects of Zoroastrianism have been reflected to the Turkish society, an thus to the Turkish women. After this interaction which had started hundreds of years ago, habits such as polygamy, being withdrawn into solitude, covering oneself effected Turkish society, and its effects reached to our age. Although the status which was given to women by Turkish republic and the principles and revolutions of Atatürk. This case prevented democratic and contemporary life from occurrence, because due to the Turkish thought, in order to be a strong, democratic and contemporary, society, the equality of women and men is necessary. Otherwise polygamy, being withdrawn into solitude, unnecessary veil of women destroy the men - women equality relationship principle. VIITraditions which we describe as behavioural examples which individuals feel to be conformed with in their social life and customs which are more flexible according to traditions and we call as social habits; shapes the society and also its music. In a society, traditions, custom, beliefs and values which occurred via legends are reflected to the music produced. `Turku` which means that it belongs to the Turks, have become the traditional music of the society. As an individual of the society which have created 'Turku's, women have been efficient both at the emergence and spread of this traditional music. As `turku`s have emerged via inspirations, they describe the society barely and objectively. That's why folks songs beautifully bears many political, social, daily events and subjects. `Turku's` which have the characteristics of a realistic document is the way of presentation of the society to the society. Thus, Anatolian women have destroyed the silence via transferring their emotions and thoughts, social and political views, loves, troubles and many other demands to the folk songs. Folklore which shows dose relationship with the other social sciences includes the Turku`s folk - songs. They are like the documents which reveal the demands of the society and thus of the women. Because there is much information which is in the Shamanist `Turku`s folk songs and which isn't reflected to the social and the political documents. Turkish women who appear as a Shamanist musician for the first time in history, afterwards within the tradition of singing folk songs has maintained this identity as folk song singers or subjects of folk songs. Women who bears the identity of folk song singer especially within the tradition of lamination for death, lullabies, bridal henna folk songs have produced effective products. `Turku`s which are sang by Turkish society under many effects and emotions (love, passion, death, separation, bravery, heroism). `Turku`s which are in the long term have extended to distant places on the grapevine include the knowledge about women and the demons of women. VIIIDue ta the historical changes that Turkish women have encountered, they have become a silent mass. Turkish women have emphasised their importance and place as a mother, beloved, wife and heroine in the folk songs. We can understand the approach of the society to women from the remarks in the folk songs. We can infer from the results of the study that apart from the fact that include tone richness, literal structure and rhythm, they have a social extent and philosophical deepness and all these facts proves them to be universal. Otherwise our folk songs wouldn't exist nowadays. Among the reasons why our folk songs which have emerged hundreds of years ago and why they still maintains their effects. The effects of never or hardly changeable ideas and habits are also shown. According to the knowledge that is gained at the observation of folk songs, why woman type have withdrawn from its roles in the real life is very thought - provoking. The fact that Anatolian woman have considered every nicety and details is revealed. In the folk songs that is song by. Anatolian women, a simple expression, realism, a professional language within that simple expression, artistic, a good many epigrammatic, lyrical, dramatically, pastoral and poetical components are included beautifully and warmly rather than mystical components. A typical woman in the songs are as below even though, it changes according to the subject: It's revalued by the study of lamentations for death that women has an identity that they judge, come to an, apply the results, endure the difficulties, and as in the lamentations they are alone and in the backstage. They are wives, mothers whose laciness would be cruel than death, they are the ones who are the second wives because they can't bear children. They share an agricultural life with men. In folk songs about homesickness and separation, they are the wives, mothers who even can't read letters from his beloved husband, because she is illiterate. They face the difficulties alone. They emphasise the importance of being ixliterate. In love and passion folk songs, because of the banishments they especially emphasise the theme of secrecy. They complain about being apart from their beloveds in many folk songs. They argue about philandering and drunkenness of men. There are typical women who share secrets with their mother only as they are afraid of their fathers. As in lullabies, they are advisory and self - sacrificing. They are wise women who directs their child's. They are brides whose marriages are thought to be equal of death and who rebel against their marriage with ones who are not of their age. They are bides who emphasises the discrimination of son and daughter. As it's obvious they appear as the singers of the songs. They are in a situation which doesn't accord with artistic abilities. This fact shows that women aren't understood, even though they have heart talk with us in folk songs.