İmam Şafii`nin Kavl-i Kadim ve Kavl-i Cedidi

Abstract

SUMMARY The Third great Orthodox school was founded by the eminent theologian Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i. In-the first place Shafi'i belonged to the school of Malik in the Hijaz which is based on a close adherence to tradition. Shafi'i later made his system a mediation between the school of Malik whice depended on tradition and the rational school of Aû Hanifa in Iraq. Shafi'i vas the first theologian to deal with the origins of islamic theology and the first to set out its principles. Hi vas greatly inclined to the cause of the Alid house. When he intended tu deliver a lecture on the Apostolic Traditions he made the ablution, combed his beard, took the front seat and sat in dignity adn reverence. In 200/815 Shafi'i left Iraq for Egypt, where he died four years later. Shafi'i distinguished himself in the Secience of Apostolic Traditions, lexiicography and poetry. The eminent linguist Asma'i studied under him. KIbn Hanbal the founder of one of the great four sachools of law, to whom reference will be made, is reported to have said: `I could not distinguish between the authentic and spurious Traditions until I attended the lectures of Shafi'i. Ibn Hanbal is also reported to have said `Shafi'i was like the sun for the world and good health for the body.` Shaf i wrote many books on theology. Of these, mention may be made of the Expounded Book on Theology (Kitab al-Mabsut fi'1-Fiqh` the book of the Mother (Kitab al-Umm) which he dictated to his pupils in Egypt. Many other theologians related the Tradions after him.