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dc.contributor.advisorŞahinler, Nuray
dc.contributor.authorGül, Aziz
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-08T10:05:03Z
dc.date.available2021-05-08T10:05:03Z
dc.date.submitted2008
dc.date.issued2018-08-06
dc.identifier.urihttps://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/668169
dc.description.abstractBu çalışmada Türkiye genelinden 200 arıcıdan alınan 600 ve marketlerden 10 tane özel firmaya ait bal örnekleri alınarak biyokimyasal, mineral madde, antibiyotik, pestisit ve naftalin kalıntıları ile balların polen içerikleri analiz edilmiştir. Biyokimyasal bileşenlerle ilgili veriler Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bal Tebliği, AB ve Kodeks standartlarıyla karşılaştırılmıştır.Biyokimyasal analizler sonucunda ortalama kül (% 0.30±0.04), nem (% 19.11±0.10), pH (3.59±0.03), asitlik (28.19±0.98 meq kg-1), diyastaz (22.81±1.04), HMF (8.44±0.76 mg kg-1), elektriksel iletkenlik (0.67±0.07 mS cm-1), protein (% 0.41±0.03), fruktoz (% 39.54±0.73), glikoz (% 32.19±0.71), invert şeker (% 71.67±1.22) ve sakaroz (% 2.24±0.63) değerleri tespit edilmiştir.Yapılan mineral madde analizleri sonucunda ise analizleri yapılan Al (0.83±0.19 ppm), Ba (0.16±0.01 ppm), Ca (74.74±3.61 ppm), Cd (0.00±0.00 ppm), Cr (0.03±0.02 ppm), Cu (0.24±0.09 ppm), Fe (3.00±0.49 ppm), K (534.86±12.58 ppm), Mg (22.87±1.95 ppm), Mn (1.27±0.05 ppm), Na (24.21±3.05 ppm), Ni (0.32±0.04 ppm), P (50.55±1.07 ppm), Pb (0.29±0.0 ppm) ve Zn (1.53±0.20 ppm) elementlerinin değerleri tespit edilmiştir.Türkiye genelinde toplanan tüm bal örneklerinde yapılan antibiyotik analizlerinde % 29.5 oranında sülfonamid, % 3.3 oranında tetracycline, % 11.9 oranında streptomycine kalıntıları içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Pestisit kalıntı analizleri sonucunda ise Türkiye geneli amitraz kalıntı miktarı % 4.7, coumaphos kalıntı miktarı ise % 1.4 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Naftalin kalıntı analizlerinde sonuçlarına göre Ege bölgesinde 4, Doğu Anadolu ve İç Anadolu Bölgelerinden alınan birer örnekte naftalin kalıntısına rastlanmıştır.Bunların yanında toplanan bal örneklerinin temsil ettiği bal çeşidini belirlemek amacıyla polen analizleri yapılarak ballara kaynak teşkil eden dominant nektarlı bitkiler belirlenmiştir. Polen analiz sonucunda Türkiye genelinde alınan örneklerde turunçgiller (Citrus spp.), püren (Erica manipuliflora), pamuk (Gossypium spp.), geven (Astragallus spp.) çam (Pinus nigra), anason (Pimpinella anisum), hayıt (Potentilla tormentilla), okaliptus (eucalyptus spp.), kekik (Thymus vulgaris), yonca (Medicago spp.), adi fiğ (Visia sativa), üçgül (Trifolium spp.), sığır kuyruğu (Verbascum spp.), ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus), korunga (Onobrychis sativa), deve dikeni (Carduus hamulosus), kestane (Castane sativa), ormangülü (Rhododendron ponticum), ıhlamur (Tilia sylvestris), karaçalı (Polygonum bistorta), arı otu (Phacelia tanacetifolia) ve sarı sütleğen (Euphorbia Helioscopia) polenleri dominant polen olarak belirlenmiştir.
dc.description.abstractIn this study, 600 honey samples were collected from 200 beekeepers and 10 honey samples from markets to analyse biochemicals, minerals, antibiotic, pesticides, naftalin residues and pollens. The results of analyses were appropriate to TSE (Institute of Turkish Standards)?s, EU and Codex?s honey standards.Average biochemical analyses were ash (% 0.30±0.04), moisture (% 19.11±0.10), pH (3.59±0.03), acidity (28.19±0.98 meq kg-1), diastase (22.81±1.04), HMF (8.44±0.76 mg kg-1), electrical conductivity (0.67±0.07 mS cm-1), protein (% 0.41±0.03), fructose (% 39.54±0.73), glucose (% 32.19±0.71), invert sugar (% 71.67±1.22) and sucrose (% 2.24±0.63) in honey samples and determined.Also, the presence of Al (0.83±0.19 ppm), Ba (0.16±0.01 ppm), Ca (74.74±3.61 ppm), Cd (0.00±0.00 ppm), Cr (0.03±0.02 ppm), Cu (0.24±0.09 ppm), Fe (3.00±0.49 ppm), K (534.86±12.58 ppm), Mg (22.87±1.95 ppm), Mn (1.27±0.05 ppm), Na (24.21±3.05 ppm), Ni (0.32±0.04 ppm), P (50.55±1.07 ppm), Pb (0.29±0.0 ppm) and Zn (1.53±0.20 ppm) were detected by ICP AES.All the samples collected from all of the region from the Turkey were detected with respect to antibiotic types, 29.5 % of them sülfonamides, 3.3 % of them tetracycline, % 11.9 of them streptomycine were determined. In respect to pesticide residual analysis, it was found that 6.6 % amitraz and 1.4 % coumaphos were detected in all samples in Turkey. Also, except 4 samples in Aegean, one samples in East Anatolian and Central Anatolian there was no incidence of napthalene in honey samples in Turkey.The honey samples were analysed to determine of plant origine and dominant plants by monitoring pollens. According to pollen analysis of the honey samples produced in Turkey, the most frequent pollens were citrus (Citrus spp.), red bush (Erica manipuliflora), cotton (Gossypium spp.), geven (Astragallus spp.) pinus (Pinus nigra), anise (Pimpinella anisum), chaste (Potentilla tormentilla), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), medicago (Medicago spp.), visia (Visia sativa), clover (Trifolium spp.), verbascum (Verbascum spp.), sunflover (Helianthus annuus), onobrychis (Onobrychis sativa), milkthistle (Carduus spp.), chestnut (Castane sativa), rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum), tilia (Tilia sylvestris), blackthorn (Polygonum bistorta), fazelya (Phacelia tanacetifolia) and spurge (Euphorbia helioscopia).en_US
dc.languageTurkish
dc.language.isotr
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 United Statestr_TR
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectZiraattr_TR
dc.subjectAgricultureen_US
dc.titleTürkiye`de üretilen bazı balların yapısal özelliklerinin gıda güvenliği bakımından araştırılması
dc.title.alternativeThe investigation of textural charactheries of some Turkish honeys, with respect to food safety
dc.typedoctoralThesis
dc.date.updated2018-08-06
dc.contributor.departmentZootekni Ana Bilim Dalı
dc.subject.ytmHoney
dc.subject.ytmAntibiotics
dc.subject.ytmPollen
dc.subject.ytmResidue analysis
dc.subject.ytmElements
dc.identifier.yokid312555
dc.publisher.instituteFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
dc.publisher.universityMUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ
dc.identifier.thesisid232192
dc.description.pages251
dc.publisher.disciplineDiğer


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