A Study on the idea of integration and its realization in Europe with a view to federation thesis in Cyprus

Abstract

ABSTRACT In this thesis, the historical process of the Republic of Cyprus 1960 is examined. Throughout this examination, as well as the events happened between the two communities, the relations of the mother countries, Turkey and Greece, with each other and with international publicity and the two communities were taken into consideration. In the part `The conditions, which were created by ethnical and international factors prior to federation`, the process until the 1 959 London Conference is described. While this matter was being discussed, the conditions in Cyprus, Greece and Turkey after the II. World War which caused a new system to come into being under the name of 'two-poled world` (i.e. West Block and East Block) was taken into consideration. In this part the political struggle within the borders of Turkey was illustrated and besides, the attitude of Turkey towards Cyprus was tried to be understood. The aims of AKEL and KATAK (Which had important roles in the history of Cyprus) took place in this thesis. The plebiscite of 1950, its consequences and the expectation of the Greek Cypriots have been explained. Until this period, either the conflicts between the nations, or uneasiness between the two mother countries was because of the aim of the Greek Cypriot Community, Enosis. For this reason, in the first section, how the claim of Enosis first came into being, and how this had an effect on the formation of their national characters was discussed. The London Conference and the `Radcliffe Constitution outline` were important steps for both sides in order to reach an agreement. London and Zurich Agreements, which were the basis' for a federal solution, took place in the 3rd part. Both sides' opinions and their reactions were discussed. The agreements, which established the Republic of Cyprus - the treaty of Alliance and the treaty of guarantee- were touched on, and the Greek Community's rejection of the treaty of guarantee was explained. Beside the distribution of authority of the constitution of the federal Republic of Cyprus, the criticism about the federal structure was illustrated. A more general evaluation for the federal system is given in the last part, and their opinion about other federations throughout the world and their approaches are also mentioned. USA and Switzerland are given as examples. In the conclusion part, the criteria of the Republic of Cyprus were illustrated with historical perspective.