Adapazarı`nda konut alanlarının planlama sorunları konut-işyeri ilişkileri yönünden bir model önerisi

Abstract

ÖZET Bu çalışmada, Adapazarı' nın mevcut sosyo-ekonomik yapısı a naliz edilerek şehrin geleceğe yönelik gelişmesine cevap verecek konut alanlarının yer seçimi için bir model öneril miştir. Bu.amaçla konut-işyeri ilişkileri yönünden daha etkin olan endüstri sektöründe çalışan nüfus ile bir. anket yapılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Mevcut fiziksel yapıda endüstri sektörünün belli alanlarda odaklaştığı ve lineer düzenler oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Buralarda çalışan nüfusun daha çok işyeri komşuluğundaki konut yerleşmelerinde oturdukları saptanmış ve önerilen mo delde bu özellik korunmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak kentin güneybatısında ve kuzey-güney doğrultu sunda uzanan büyük endüstri kuruluşlarının iki yanında yer alan Erenler ve Serdivan yerleşmelerinin Adapazarı Kent Bü tünü' nün gelecekteki nüfusunun yarısını iskan edebilecek kapasiteye ve topoğrafik özelliklere sahip olduğu görüle rek bu yerleşme alanları modelde toplu konut alanları ola rak önerilmiştir. Ayrıca ikinci aşamada, daha güneydeki Hanlıköy ve Arif iye yerleşmeleri, bütünüyle benzer özelliklere sahip olmamakla birlikte, anılan iki yerleşmenin yükünü hafifletici alt kademe merkezleri olarak düşünülmüşlerdir.

SUMMARY The Plannig Problems of the Residential Areas in Adapazarı; A Model Proposal in Respect to the Relationships Between Dwelling-Business Centers. It is known that the residential areas and, especially the relationships between the dwelling places and business centers have important role in urbanisation. Studying the urban settlement of Adapazarı from this point of view, the dwelling-business centers relationships were being analyzed from different aspects in detail and it was tried to develop a planning model showing the way to the future development of Adapazarı. This study consists of two-parts. First part on which the dissertation depends is given in the appendix. In this annex, the urban settlement of Adapazarı is examined from historical, physical and socio-economical perspectives. In the study given in annex, it has been put forward that Adapazarı is on the junction of the highway and the railrood which connect Anatolia to Istanbul. And it is known that from Istanbul it is possible to go to Europe. Besides this, it is also concluded that Adapazarı is not only a commercial place in which its agricultural products are traded but also being an industrialized city. It has been determined that Adapazarı, as being a settle ment place, had been registered in 1563 in the position of village. The existence of Adapazarı as a village or a town lasted until the beginning of the Republic and its population varied between 10 000-15 000 in this period. During the Republic, as being an administrative district attached to Izmit, its population had increased at the same rate of Izmit. Adapazarı had been the center of the province of Sakarya 1954. As a consequence of the unequaldistributions of the industrial investments between these two settlements, the population growth of these cities haven't shown the same pattern but rather the population of Izmit have increased faster than Adapazarı, especially later than 1965. However the population improvement of Ada pazarı have shown an intermediate growth. Regarding physical point of view, it was seen that the A- dapazari settlement had been spread out along the alluvion region which has a high agricultural productivity. While this region consisting of the plainnes fields is an area having ground water being near the surface but at the same time it is within the first degree earthquake region. As a consequence of these two negative factors, the people met several earthouakes in different years. Although various planning studies had been done before Ada pazarı became the center of the province of Sakarya but the first zoning and construction plan was under taken in 1958. The negative factors mentioned above were seen as the main reasons for not achieving the goals predicted in the plans. Regarding from macro-level, the urban settlement of Adapaza rı (together with Izmit) is within the influence of metropo litan area of Istanbul. On the other hand, Izmit and Adapaza rı both process an inhabitable area in which it takes 30 minutes by bus (i.e., their diameters are 30 kms each). In between Izmit and Adapazarı, these inhabitable areas are in the position of partical activity. While the settlements around Izmit within the inhabitable areas have been showing a linear development, the settlements around Adapazarı are to be in a development of the cellular characteristics. Within this process, an inhabitable area comes into existence out of centrum of Adapazarı, that is, it has been realized that urban population showed a develop ment towards the outside of the city as being decentralized. In the second and the main part of this dissertation, we took into consideration the industrial sector which has an effective role on the relationships between the dwelling VIand business centers; and we tried to determine the positions and the tendencies of the labor force employed in industry. To expose the real positions of the industri al workers in the existing structure, about 25% of the information obtained from one-third of these workers by survey had been evaluated using computer. This ratio represents approximately, 10% of the total labor force of the industrial sector, besides, this value is also 15% of the large scale industrial corporations which were selected delibrately for being able to achieve a significant result. In this dissertation depending upon the study summarized above, the transportation rolationships of the workers employed in industry between dwelling and business places, the distances and the transportation facilities to the business centers for these workers, the kinds of their dwellings, their possessing situations for these dwellings and their expectations; the places of their dwellings in the urban area and the places in which they prefer to inhabit have been obtained by using computer in the form of matrix tables and as a consequence of the analysis of the tables prepared and the graphs obtained depending on the matrix tables, it has been proposed a residential settlement model for a population growth which might come into being into.the future. After the evaluation of the tables in question, it has been seen that most of the present industrial workers had settled in the places which are come into existence by the circles having a radius of 1500-3000 m. and 3000-6000 m. from centrum. With regard to the capacity of the workers, the largest industrial establishements are also located in these places. It is remarkable to note that the workers inhabited in urban area are become dense near the large industrial establishments located in the settlement places mentioned above. As a result, it comes into being that most of the workers employed in industry, generally, are inclined to prefer residential area in the neighbourhood of the business centers. VIIBesides this, at the end of the test, it was seen that most of these workers had also want to inhabit in centrum of city. Among the kinds of transportation used by these workers, its comes first to go on foot and to use bicycle (or motorcycle) because of their economic efficiency. These are followed by the other economic transportation vehicles, such as the municipal buses and the dolmushes. It is known that the growth of the city towards into the north arid the east is limited because of the reasons such as being a cultivable land of Adapazarı settlement places, the weakness of the carried power of this land since ground water is near the surface, taking part in the first degree earthquake zone, having the ground water increased the earthquake dangerous and taking place the Sakarya river on the east of the city. It was computed that the estimated maximum population of the city by the year of 2005 will have been settled by the area having a radius of 3000 meters from the center. In this case, the agricultural characteristics of the settlements places in the north and the east the city center are being protected. In the south, in the frame work of the criteria of the law of `toplu-konut` in validity, it would be appropriate to be developed a residential settlement area. Erenler and Serdivan settlements located in the both sides of large industrial establishments which are extendddlin the south-west and in the north-south directi on of the city have been proposed as the integrated residential areas in the model. Because it has been determined that 50% of the city population predicted for the future, i.e., by the year of 2005, could have been settled in these settlement places possessing the required topographic characteristics. VIIIThe total area of the Erenler and Serdivan villages which are located inside of the Adapazarı circle having a radius of 3000 meters approximately consists of one-fifth of this circle. Due to the fact that about half of the population estimated for the future can have been settled in these two places, the other places out of these two can be settled in extensive density and a character suitable to the conditions of the land. At the end of the evaluation of the data obtained from survey, it bas been found that some people wish the posses single houses with a large garden. In a certain extent it is possible to response this kind of desire at the framework of the proposal given above if it is accepted. The model proposed which depends on the results obtained above for the location choice of the new residential settle ments in Adapazarı has the following features: a. Most of the total population of the city of Adapa zarı can be settled only in the neighbourhood of the business centers. In this respect, model has a desirable feature from the point of view of the transportation relationships between dwelling-bu siness centers. b. The inhabitable centers which will have been come into being in Erenler and Serdivan will cause decentralization. as secondary settlement centers outside of the city of Adapazarı. This will yield a positive advantage which lessen thes burden of the main center and will solve the problems of the dwelling-business center. c. In the model, it was proposed to divide the indus trial areas from residential areas by green buffers. These green areas which can be considered as the recreative areas will be useful for the health of environment. d. In the model, the relationship between the plan and topography was also evaluated in a good manner. The model proposed in this dissertation is a realistic model because of these features. First, this model IXbrings suitable responses to the main solutions of the ground structure in the proposed areas. Second the direction situation of these areas give the requ ired characteristics. Third, the physical construc tions which will be located in the areas having less inclination will be more esthetics. Besides, in the second stage, while Hanlıköy and Arif iye settlements in the southern part of the region don't possess the similar characteristics they also are consi dered as secondary settlements which will lessen the burden of the places in question.