Kent biçimsel ve mekansal kurgusunun çözümlenmesine dair bir yöntem öneri ve Ayvalık örneği

Abstract

ÖZET Bu çalışmada kentsel yapının biçimsel ve mekansal analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Geleneksel kentler yapılan itibari ile bir sisteme sahiptirler, ve kendi elemanlan ile çözümlenebilirler. Bu sayede kentsel koruma ve müdahale, tasanm ve eğitim alanı ile kentlerin mimari ile ilişkisi gibi alanlara farklı bir bakış açısı getirilmiş olacaktır. Kentlere, özellikle de geleneksek kentlere bakışta sistematik bir yol öneren çözümleme modeli geliştirilmesini hedefleyen bu tezde, amaca ulaşılabilmek için altı ana başlık altında çalışma yapılmıştır. Giriş bölümünde, kentlerin bir yapı oldukları ve sistem içeren bu yapıları itibari ile çözümlenebilecekleri ve çözümleme sonucunda da veri oluşturabilme yetisine de sahip oldukları gündeme getirilmiştir. Geleneksel kentler de aslında bu anlamda bir yapı arz ederler ve bir inceleme alanı oluştururlar. Bu çalışmada kent yapısının başka disiplinlere dayandırılmadan kendi iç yapısı ve elemanlan ile çözümlenmesinin hedeflendiği belirtilmektedir. İkinci bölümde, çözümleme modelinin geliştirilmesindeki ilk adım, analizi gerçekleştirilen nesnenin tanımının yapılmasıdır. Mekan ve biçim aracılığı ile kent yapısı çözümlendiğinden, bu bölümde, yapı, biçim ve mekan kavramlarının tanımı yapılmıştır ve çalışmada nasıl ele alındıkları belirtilmiştir. Aynı zamanda bu kavramlar, modelin oluşturulması sırasında değerlendirme aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde, modelin gelişmesinde etkili olan mevcut analizlerin tanıtımı yapılmış ve kendi amacımız doğrultusunda değerlendirilmeleri yapılarak, modelin hangi aşamalardan geçerek oluştuğu anlatılmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde, oluşturulan çözümleme modelinin tanıtımı, alt başlıklarının açılımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Beşinci bölümde, alan çalışması olarak seçilen Ayvalık kentsel siti ile modelin sağlam temellere oturtulması sağlanmıştır. Model, Ayvalık kentinden gelebilecek etki ve eklemelere açık olarak uygulanmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde, yapılan Ayvalık kentsel yapısı çözümlemesinin ve gerçekleştirilen modelin eleştirisi ile vanlan nokta anlatılmış ve bundan sonra hangi noktalara ulaşılabileceği hakkındaki görüşlerimiz belirtilmiştir. XISUMMARY DEVELOPING A METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FORMAL AND SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF TRADITIONAL CITIES: The Example Of Ayvalik In this study, an attempt for formal and spatial analysis of city structure has been realized. Traditional cities have theire own system within thiere structure, and they could be analised with theire own components. This gives a new point of view to city conservation, design, education, and relation between city and architecture. This study, that attempt to develop a new model that builts a systematic way to analysis traditional cities. In the first chapter, it is mensioned that cities are some kind of structure and they could be analysed within theire structure which includes a system, and at the and of the analysing process they can give some data. This is also valid for traditional cities, and the traditional cities could be a research place. It is intendet to analysis the city structure within its own deep structure and components without any other disciplines. In the second chapter, the object, that is been analysed, are defined which is the first step of development process of model. Because of the city structure analysed within the space and form concepts, space, form, and structure concepts are defined, how they are used as a evaluater in development process of the study. In the third chapter, analysis approaches which are effects the model are introduced, and development levels of the study are explaned. Model is built on both sequential and syntactic dimensions. In the fourth chapter, the detailed explenation of the developed model and its components are given. In fifth chapter, it is attempted to build a base for model by choosing Ayvalik as a case study. The model are applied open, for the expectation of effects and additions from the city Ayvalık. In the last chapter, the opinions about the point that the study has reached by analysing of the structure of Ayvalyk city and critises of the developed model, and beyond of this point explaned. XII

SUMMARY : The Example Of Ayvalik In this study, an attempt for formal and spatial analysis of city structure has been realized. Traditional cities have theire own system within thiere structure, and they could be analised with theire own components. This gives a new point of view to city conservation, design, education, and relation between city and architecture. This study, that attempt to develop a new model that builts a systematic way to analysis traditional cities. In the first chapter, it is mensioned that cities are some kind of structure and they could be analysed within theire structure which includes a system, and at the and of the analysing process they can give some data. This is also valid for traditional cities, and the traditional cities could be a research place. It is intendet to analysis the city structure within its own deep structure and components without any other disciplines. In the second chapter, the object, that is been analysed, are defined which is the first step of development process of model. Because of the city structure analysed within the space and form concepts, space, form, and structure concepts are defined, how they are used as a evaluater in development process of the study. In the third chapter, analysis approaches which are effects the model are introduced, and development levels of the study are explaned. Model is built on both sequential and syntactic dimensions. In the fourth chapter, the detailed explenation of the developed model and its components are given. In fifth chapter, it is attempted to build a base for model by choosing Ayvalik as a case study. The model are applied open, for the expectation of effects and additions from the city Ayvalık. In the last chapter, the opinions about the point that the study has reached by analysing of the structure of Ayvalyk city and critises of the developed model, and beyond of this point explaned. XIIChapter 1. Today cities are defined as a structure which works as a complate system. At this point traditional cities, with relations that make up their structure and systems, become a source of knowledge and they produce search areas. For some period this traditional cities, athough they waited to be solved for their natural language and systems, never handled as spatial forms and pattern. After the common knowledge changed, which believes that natural architecture is formed by itself, traditional cities known as structurel forms. This structure has its own self logic, organisation and system. And this structural form is defined with its elements and the relationship between these elements. At the and of the modernist periodand after that period, there were more detailed searches and studies have been made about this subject. Until this time all the studies aimed the finished quality of architecture instead of its concrete formation condition. Accepting traditional cities as structure also brings the methodesand model that helps the understand them. We have to pass over the measured drawings and the documatation in the study of the cities and try to make their spatial structural information readable. City structure has an inter relationship in its system, by analyzing this system we can use its knowledge in most of pther subjects. By analizing the traditional cities structure new view points can be brought to the subjects relate to the city. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the city structure, which we accept as a whole and to develop a model for this purpose. This model will also try to systematize the perceptional views of the cities. In exposing the different characteristics of the cities, we must read their abjective and concrete structure. As we said before every cities has its own structure and characterisric qualitiies, and to expose them, city structure must be with its elements. And this analisys application which is almost some for all the cities, bring out different results for each city. The types of elements, their interrelations, city structure, its formal and spatial set ups its geography, climate, history, common meaning system and the total concept ehich is formed with the gatherig of all, has its own character, which is the result of this differenciation. Traditional cities which is studied has their own natural language, spatial organisation logic, characters and vitality, and they can expose to be very important search subjects. XIIIThis cities have no designers, they are formed spontaneously in time and build up as ananynous cities. The knowledge we gathered by studying the the structure of traditional cities can be used in different issues such as:. The relationship between city and architecture,. To bring up a new breath to the conservation and to study the city a whole,. To bring a new view point to the dewsigne studies,. By dissolving the structure of the city one can determ.ne any interference made to the existing building and provide the continuity of the city form,. To help in architectural education. In this study city structure willbe examined with its elements without the interference of outer disciplines. Our approach by this can be put as a morphological study. After saying that city structure is a total of its elements and their relationship, we study it with the notion of form and space. This analitic model which brings up different results for each city, can be used for other cities as well as Ayvalık. By using a systematic approach we can have knowledge about most of the city structure. The Method of the Study: The formal and spatial concepts which is used to analyze the city, are the frame of the model we suggested. This model can be proved by making land stuies, and Ayvalık is the traditional city we choosed as an example. Our choice is depended on the unspoild tissue of the as well as its characteristic structure. In this study theoritical informations are gathered under some specific titles. And this titles are used in establishing our model. After this chapter w performed the technical substructure about Ayvalık city site. With this substructures the model about analyzing the structure is showed with an example. xivChapter 2: Main concepts of Model In this chapter, the object that is analiysed are defined. Because of the city structure are analised by the space and form concepts, first of all these concepts must be defined. These concepts have played an important role while the model are evaluated. The city structure are defined by its own components, and the relations between its componenets. The city structure is not.... of its dusters, but it is a kind of spatial composition. Analisis of city structure is defined by determining of the components of this structure and the order of relations between this components. Every little cluster of city structure carry on this structurel characteristic of city. There is a harmony from whole to detail in this structure. The form comes into existance by form elements. These elements are point, line, plane, and volume(space). While mass and fullness, inwhich limits the spaces, means form, the defined fullness limited by form, means space. Form elements of city, or urban masonry mean buildings and walls, and urban spaces which are limited by urban masonries mean streets, squares Chapter 3. Analysing city structure: Research for methode Structuralist approches, morphologic analysis, and rules of order support the model in different levels. The development periods of model are explaned with these approches. First of all, model are handled in two dimensions, like in other structuralist and morphologic and typologic approches.. Sequential Analysis. Syntactic Analysis Sequential Analysis means the development periods of city in history. Syntactic Analysis means analysing the city within its own structure. City structure is analysed by its own structural elements and the relations among these elements. In this approach, structure is research by form and space concepts. Syntactic Analysis, is handled in two levels, which is dictated by structuralist approach. These are ; Elements, The order of relations among elements. xvMost important thing, in choosing the elements is every elements have to be a structure builder. Element's differentiation is showed on the table which name is `elements differentiation`. Table of Elements's differentiation Chapter 4. Model In this chapter; Model and its componenets are explanation. Edges: city form is determenend by the edges. Edges can be naturel or man made. Edges are the linear elements not used or considered as paths by the observer. They are the boundaries between two phases, linear breaks in continuity. District: Districts are the medium to large sections of the city. Every district has own characteristics. Those are, street types, different building type, and building material, ect. Paths: Paths are the channel along which people moves in. They may be streets, walkways, transit lines, canals. Paths, arranged and related other elements. Nodes: Nodes are points, the strategic spots in acity into which an observer can enter. Node's importances depends on which streets intersection Nodes may be square, religious point like a mosque courtyard, corner, etc. Buildins Grounds, plot of lands and buildings are urban masonry. They limiting the urban spaces. Landmarks are external. They are usually a rather simply defined physical object: buildin, sign, store.or muntain. XVIUJ o o ÇO co < o ü < >- CO O 3 LU of CD i 5 CO o z O o: o cd 3 3 m CD CDÂ z z y Q üt 3 3 LU m m of O z Q _J 3 m cö o z 3 O o: o o o LU of co Q Q 3 3K mCD (D ?o o o O) O co CO CO LU CD Q LU O Of H- ÇO O s? co 2 CO LU O O LU O l CO z ol of 3 < CÛ a: 3 I CO a z z 5° OF CD -3 Oq; 3 D_ m co UJ o < CO z < m of LU o < 0- z cog Z ı- s5 Of LU 3 Of LU CD a LU + co 1- ü OL /- ço Q £: Wiu Q Of CO O z 3 O of CD CD m co o o 1- O CO CD m of < O Z O co öl Of 3 XVIIChapter 5: Case Study of Ayvalık Model have to practise on a settlement. This settlement is the traditional part of Ayvalık. Ayvalık's edges: There is four edges types. Those are hills, coast, opposite coast, and Mydilli. Ayvalık Districts: ther is four districts. Ayvalık Paths.: The main streets like a bagbone. Sefa street is a pedestrien street. Its pharalel to the slope. Ayvalık Nodes, Market points, Camlı coffe square, corner, etc. Ayvalık Landmarks: hill of the İlk kurşun, mosques, churches, etc. xvih