Türkiye`de merkezi idare ile mahalli idarelerarası mali ilişkiler ve değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

ÖZET Günümüzde mahalli idareler, kamu ekonomisi içerisinde yer alan ve halkın mahalli nitelikteki kamusal mal ve hizmet ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaya çalışan kuruluşlar olarak görülmektedir. Bu itibarla, diğer bir kamu üretici birimi olan merkezi idare ile idari ve mali alandaki ilişkilerinin belli bir zemine oturtulması kaçınılmaz olmaktadır. Bunun sonucu ise, kamu hizmetlerinin görülmesinde, merkezi idare ve mahalli idare olmak üzere ikili bir sistemin ortaya çıkmasıdır. Bu çalışmada, işte böyle bir ilişki içerisinde öncelikle mahalli idarelere gerçekten ihtiyaç olduğunu gösterir teorik yaklaşımlar konusunda bilgi verilmeye çalışılmış, daha sonra Türkiye'de mahalli idarelerle ilgili gelişmelere ve mevcut uygulamaya ilişkin durum tesbiti yapılmış, mahalli idarelerin gerek kendisinden ve gerekse merkezi idareden kaynaklanan sorunlarına yer verilmiştir. Amacımız, bu tesbit ve sorunlar karşısında yapısal tıkanıklıktan ortaya koymak ve çözüm önerileri getirmektir. Çalışmamızda mahalli idarelerle ilgili üç önemli nokta üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bunlar; mahalli idarelerin daha fazla demokratikleşmesi ve halkın katılımı ve denetimine açılması; idareler arasındaki ilişkilerde görev ve gelir kaynaklarıyla ilgili olarak bilimsel esasların getirilmesi; kamu hizmetlerinin görülmesinde merkezi ve mahalli idareler arasındaki mali ilişkilerin düzenlenmesi gerekliliğidir. Bu noktaların gerçekleştirilmesi, Türkiye'de kanımızca reform sayılabilecek nitelikte düzenlemeleri gerektirmekte ve bu düzenlemelerin Anayasalarda yer almasına bağlı bulunmaktadır. illABSTRACT In our days, the local administrations (governments) are considered to be establishments taking part in the public economy and diverted to cover the locally qualified public commodity and service requirements of the civilians. In this connection, the relations in the administrative and financial levels (areas/fields) with the central administration (government), which is another public (civil) production unit, being reinstated onto a specific platform (basement/foundations) is unavoidable. Therefore, as a result of this, there emerges a dual system in providing public services, one administration being local and the other being central. In this study, in such a relation, priority is given to disclosing information on the theoretical approaches reviling that there is a true need for the local administrations and then a status ascertaining pertaining to the improvements in the local administrations in turkey and the present (current) applications is assessed and problems either originating from the local administration itself or from the central administration are emphasized. In respect with this ascertainment and against these problems, our aim is to bring forth the organizational (structural) handicaps and make proposals for their solutions. In our study, emphasis is placed onto three important points, these being; the local administrations being more democratic and the participation of the public and their being open for audit; establishment of scientific basics pertaining to duties and income sources which are current in the relations between the administrations; and requirement for the arrangement of financial relations between the central and local administrations in providing services. The realization of these points in turkey, as far as we are concerned bring forth arrangements which can be considered as reforms and are subject to their finding a place for themselves in the constitution. L IV

ABSTRACT In our days, the local administrations (governments) are considered to be establishments taking part in the public economy and diverted to cover the locally qualified public commodity and service requirements of the civilians. In this connection, the relations in the administrative and financial levels (areas/fields) with the central administration (government), which is another public (civil) production unit, being reinstated onto a specific platform (basement/foundations) is unavoidable. Therefore, as a result of this, there emerges a dual system in providing public services, one administration being local and the other being central. In this study, in such a relation, priority is given to disclosing information on the theoretical approaches reviling that there is a true need for the local administrations and then a status ascertaining pertaining to the improvements in the local administrations in turkey and the present (current) applications is assessed and problems either originating from the local administration itself or from the central administration are emphasized. In respect with this ascertainment and against these problems, our aim is to bring forth the organizational (structural) handicaps and make proposals for their solutions. In our study, emphasis is placed onto three important points, these being; the local administrations being more democratic and the participation of the public and their being open for audit; establishment of scientific basics pertaining to duties and income sources which are current in the relations between the administrations; and requirement for the arrangement of financial relations between the central and local administrations in providing services. The realization of these points in turkey, as far as we are concerned bring forth arrangements which can be considered as reforms and are subject to their finding a place for themselves in the constitution. L IV