Hatay sorunu ve basın

Abstract

The matter of Hatay appeared after the Mondros Armistice Treaty which the Allies povers signed on with Ottamon state 30 October 1918. The matter was solved on july 1939, when the Hatay was joined to Turkey. During this time it had many stages. With the starting of the occupations in Anatolia, Hatay region was also occupied by the French after the Mondros Armistice Treaty was signed. While great struggle against the occuping countries was going on the Anatolia, the Kuwa-i Milliye Forses1 also struggled with the French and Armenian forses in Hatay region. The establishment of TBMM (Turkish National Assembly) Ankara on 23 April 1920, the battle in Hatay was directed by öne point like the national battles in Anatolia. With the establisment of the Turkish National Assembly, the problem of Hatay become öne of the tirst problems of the Misak-ı Milli that formed the agenda of the concil. The French who signed the Ankara Tearty with TBMM on 20 October 1921, accepled to withdrow Anatolia. Although most of the population in Hatay region were Türk, it couldn't be included into Turkish borders. But with the great insistence of the Turkish side. a special item was added to the treaty. This special item was about the protection and existence of the Turkish culture in Hatay which would be under the guarantee of the French Mandate Administration. This special point Hatay gained an half autonomous statute in 1921 with Ankara Treaty. The victones of the national battles in Anatolia and the abandonment of the enemies from the country, the Lausanne Peace Treaty was signed in Lausanne in 1923 and the new Turkish state was established. The Turkish commitee had efforts in the debates of Lausanne Peace Treaty to include Hatay to Turkey. Although Hatay was in the borders of Misak-ı Milli, they couldn't include it to Turkey. 1The Nationalist Forses led by Atatürk during the Turkish war of İndependense. 2The National pact of 1920 which set forfh certain claims for the Ottoman state. VParallel with the improvements in 1935 that occured in Europe, Turkey determined its strategy in Foreign relations, it gave importance to peace and good reighborliness relations interstate. At the end of 1936 France declared that, it would give independense to Syria and Lebanan which were under its own mandate. After this event, Turkey declared its wishes about Hatay first of all to France and to the international public opinion. After the this date, Hatay was one of the important problems that concerned Turkey's agenda. Turkey wanted France to accept Hatay as to be seperate from Syria. Turkey, with this aim applied to the League of Nations. The Turkey and Frence negotiations began diplomatic discussions in Geveva in the League of Nations on December 1936. After the intense diplomatic discussions, on 27 January 1937 Hatay was accepted to be autonomous. İn this way it was decided that Hatay would be independent in internal affairs, but dependent upon Syria in its foreign affairs. After the this trems, when bloody events occured in this region between the Turkish and other associations. İt was clear that the problem wasn't sitll solved. Especially, After the date on 29 November 1937, which was the date when Hatay's status and constitution come into force. These events increased more and morital law was declared in the region. The election activities were hindered. After 1937, Turkey made more efforts for solving this problem. With the support of England, Turkey wanted France to solve this Problem immediately. Consequently, with the reconciliation of England, the Turkey- Fench Friendship and Military Treaty was signed on July 1938. And Hatay's land integrity was decided to be under the guarantee of the two countries. İt was also considered that Hatay's security would be provided by equal numbers of Turkish and French soldiers. So, Turkish military units entered Hatay and provided that the elections would be made in a reliable way. On 2 September 1938 Satate of Hatay was officially established. While the winds of the second world war were blowing in Europe in 1939, France and England started the consultations with Turkey to from an alliance bloc in East Mediterranean aganist İtaly and Germany. VIFinally, with the Military Treaties that were signed on May 1 939 between Turkey- England and on June 1939 between Turkey- France provided the security in East Mediterranean. With the decision of the Hatay concil to bring on end to Hatay on July 1 939.it was joined to homeland as the thirty sixth province of Turkey. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk had a special effort in joining Hatay to homeland. He dealt a lot with the problem of Hatay, which he called `My own suit` until the last period of his life although he was ill. VII