Anadolu`da III. Alişar seramiği

Abstract

SUMMARY Our subject matter consists of a hand-shaped type of pottery painted with geometrical patterns, which is cited as `Cappadoccian` or `Alisar III` pottery in archaeological publications. Although this type of pottery has attracted attention for a long time, this thesis is the first occasion where it has been studied comprehensively. The examples of pottery that is our subject matter were obtained through: 1) systematic excavations, 2)surface surveys and, 3)purchases. Apai~t from published material, by permission of Prof. Dr. Tahsin Osguc, the head of the excavations at Kul tepe, we had the chance to study for our thesis the numerous unpublished examples found in identified building strata. In the light of these material it became possible to date the pottery that were purchased or found during the surface surveys. The surface surveys that we conducted between the years 1986-90 have resulted in the recognition of many mounds not yet cited in publications; the frequency of Alisar III pottery and the boundaries of its western extension were also thus established. During this pei'iod a total of 233 mounds were visited. The vessel profiles collected from 40 mounds have been studied in this thesis; the drawings and the photography were realises by us. We have chosen to date the examples from the various cites according to the material found in the excavations, and. the Kultepe excavation in particular. As a result of our studies» we have found again that the Alisar III pottery was initially produced during the -243-last phase of the Early Bronze Age and especially in Level 11-a of the Kultepe Mound (for which there is no corresponding building level in the Karum of Kanesh) ; it became more refined in the 10th and 9th building levels and was no longer used after the 8th level. We have observed again that Alisar III pottery was also used in the Karum area in Levels IV and III; the examples became very infrequent in Level II. As Level II is reliably dated owing to the presence of cuneiform documents, the period when Alisar III pottery finally disappeared is well established. During Level I of Karum, which is contemporary with King Shamsi Addad I of Assyria and King Hammurabi of Early Babylon/a. according to cuneiform documents, Alisar III pottery appears tota be completely abandoned. The material from the centers which we have investigated do not have any marked differences with respect to the forms or the production tecniques used. The Alisar III pottery is represented by the following vessel types: 1) Beak-Spouted pitcher, 2) Bowl, 3) Jug 4) Cup, 5) Pot/Jar, 6) Fruit-Stand, 7) Teapot The production technique of Alisar III pottery does not differ from the Early Bronze Age pottery of Central Anatolia. However it s true distinction is due to the painted ornamentations.Taken Indivudually the geometric motifs used for decoration are actually very simple. However these simple motifs were combined in intricate patterns with greate skill, resulting in almost endless decorative variations. -244-